1981 Edition

Area

28,490 km2; about 37% arable (about 66% cultivated), 23% pasture, 10% scrub and forest, 30% other

475,400 km2; 4% cultivated, 18% grazing, 13% fallow, 50% forest, 15% other

Coastline

402 km

Land boundaries

974 km

4,554 km

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

50 nm

Ethnic divisions

Africans — 85% Hutu (Bantu), 14% Tutsi (Hamitic), 1% Twa (Pigmy); other Africans include around 70,000 refugees, mostly Rwandans and Zairians; nonAfricans include about 3,000 Europeans and 2,000 South Asians

about 200 tribes of widely differing background; 31% Cameroon Highlanders, 19% Equatorial Bantu, 11% Kirdi, 10% Fulani, 8% Northwestern Bantu, 7% Eastern Nigritic, 13% other African, less than 1% non-African

Labor force

about 2 million (1976 est); most engaged in subsistence agriculture

most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and herding; 200,000 wage earners (maximum) including 22,000 government employees, 63,000 paid agricultural workers, 49,000 in manufacturing

Language

Kirundi and French (official); Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)

English and French official, 24 major African language groups

Literacy

about 15% in Kirundi, 3% in French, no serviceable estimate for Kiswahili

South 40%, North 10%

Nationality

noun — Burundian(s); adjective — Burundi

noun — Cameroonian(s); adjective — Cameroonian

Organized labor

sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB); by charter, membership is extended to all Burundi workers (informally); figures denoting "active membership" have been unobtainable

under 45% of wage labor force

Population

4,438,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.7%

9,049,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.9%; this estimate does not take into account migration between Cameroon and Chad during recent years

Religion

about 60% Christian (53% Catholic, 7% Protestant); rest mostly animist plus perhaps 2% Muslim

about one-half animist, one-third Christian, onesixth Muslim

Branches

executive (President and Cabinet offices); judicial; National Assembly to be convened in 1982

executive (President), legislative (National Assembly), and judicial (Supreme Court)

Capital

Bujumbura

Yaounde

Communists

no Communist party; resumed diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in October 1971 following a six-year suspension; USSR, North Korea, and Romania also have diplomatic missions in Burundi

no Communist Party or significant number of sympathizers

Elections

new constitution approved by national referendum in November 1981; elections to National Assembly planned for 1982 Political parties and leaders: National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), a Tutsi-led party, declared sole legitimate party in 1966; Col. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza

parliamentary elections held 28 May 1978; presidential elections held April 1980 Political parties and leaders: single party, Cameroon National Union (UNC), instituted in 1966, President Ahmadou Ahidjo

Government leader

Col. Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA, President and Head of State

President Ahmadou AHIDJO

Legal system

based on German and French civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on French civil law system, with common law influence; new unitary constitution adopted 1972; judicial review in Supreme Court, when a question of constitutionality is referred to it by the President of the Republic; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Member of

AFDB, KAMA, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

AFBD, KAMA, EGA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISCON, ISO, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, NAM, Niger River Commission, OAU, UDEAC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

National holiday

Independence Day, 1 July

National Day, 20 May

Official name

Republic of Burundi

United Republic of Cameroon

Other political or pressure groups

Cameroon People's Union (UPC), an illegal terrorist group now reduced to scattered acts of banditry with its factional leaders in exile

Political subdivisions

8 provinces, subdivided into 18 arrondissements and 78 communes

7 provinces divided into 40 departments, 153 arrondissements, 31 districts CAMEROON (Continued)

Suffrage

universal

universal over age 21

Type

republic; presidential system; military leaders hold key positions; previous military government overthrown in military coup in 1976

unitary republic; one-party presidential regime

Agriculture

major cash crops — coffee, cotton, tea; main food crops — manioc, yams, corn, sorghum, bananas, haricot beans; marginally self-sufficient

commercial and food crops — cocoa, coffee, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, peanuts, palm oil and palm kernels; root starches, livestock, millet, sorghum, and rice

Budget

(1979) revenue $113.3 million, current expenditure $38.0 million, development expenditure $38.0 million

(1980) revenues $877.3 million, current expenditures $608.6 million, development expenditures $268.7 million

Electric power

17,000 kW capacity (diesel generator 1980); 2 million kWh produced (1980), 35 million kWh imported from Zaire, .05 kWh per capita

381,000 kW capacity (1980); 1.388 billion kWh produced (1980), 160 kWh per capita

Exports

$90 million (f.o.b., 1979); coffee (90%), tea, cotton, hides, skins

$1,620 million (f.o.b., 1980); cocoa and coffee about 60%; other exports include timber, aluminum, cotton, natural rubber, bananas, peanuts, tobacco, and tea

Fiscal year

calendar year

1 July-30 June

Fishing

imports 7,024 metric tons, $2.2 million; exports 909 metric tons (largely shrimp), $3.5 million (1975)

GDP

$5.6 billion (1980), about $675 per capita; real annual growth rate, 4.1% (1971-81)

GNP

about $614.0 million (1978), $140 per capita; 2.0% real growth (1970-74); real GDP growth in 1976, 7.8%

Imports

$102 million (c.i.f., 1979); textiles, foodstuffs, transport equipment, petroleum products

$1,550 million (f.o.b., 1980); consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment, alumina for refining, petroleum products, food and beverages

Industries

light consumer goods such as beverages, blankets, shoes, soap, assembly of imports

Major industries

small aluminum plant, food processing and light consumer goods industries, sawmills

Major trade partners

US, EEC countries

most trade with France, other EC countries, and the US

Monetary conversion rate

90 Burundi francs=US$l (official)

225.8 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$l (1980)

Airfields

8 total, 7 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m

60 total, 54 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air

4 major transport aircraft

4 major transport aircraft

Highways

7,800 km total; 300 km bituminous, 2,500 km crushed stone, gravel, or laterite, and 3,000 km improved earth, and 2,000 km unimproved earth

approximately 32,226 km total; including 2,682 km bituminous, 3,670 km gravel and earth, 11,004 km improved earth, 14,870 km unimproved

Inland waterways

Lake Tanganyika navigable for lake steamers and barges; 1 lake port

2,090 km; of decreasing importance

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1980, $35.5 million; about 21.8% of central government budget

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1982, $78.9 million; 7.4% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1,003,000; 521,000 fit for military service; 50,000 reach military age (16) annually

males 15-49, 1,990,000; 1,001,000 fit for military service; about 85,000 reach military age (18) annually

Ports

1 major (Douala), 3 minor

Railroads

none

1,173 km total; 858 km meter gauge (1.00 m), 145 km 0.600-meter gauge

Telecommunications

sparse system of wire and lowcapacity radio-relay links; about 6,000 telephones (0.1 per 100 pop!.); 2 AM and 2 FM stations; no TV stations; INTELSAT satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES

good system of open wire and radio relay; 26,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 10 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES