1986 Edition

Agriculture

accounts for 64% of total employment and about 29% of GDP; main crops — paddy, pulses, sugarcane, beans, peanuts; almost 100% self-sufficient; most rice grown in deltaic land; an illegal producer of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade

major cash crops — coffee, cotton, tea; main food crops — manioc, yams, peas, corn, sorghum, bananas, haricot beans

Airfields

55 total, 51 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

89 total, 83 usable; 29 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 37 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

8 total, 7 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m

Branches

Army, Air Force

Council of State rules through a Council of Ministers; National Assembly (Pyithu Hluttaw or People's Congress) has legislative power

Army, Navy, Air Force

executive (President and Cabinet); judicial; legislature (National Assembly) reestablished in 1982

Army (including naval and air units); paramilitary Gendarmerie

Budget

(FY84/85) $826.5 million est. revenue, $954 million est. expenditure

(1983) revenue $121.4 million, expenditure $146.4 million

Capital

Rangoon

Bujumbura

Civil air

1 major transport aircraft

17 major transport aircraft (including 3 helicopters)

1 major transport aircraft

Coastline

3,060 km People

Communists

est. 15,000 .(primarily as an insurgent group on the northeast frontier) Burma (continued) Burundi

no Communist party

Elections

National Assembly and local People's Councils elected in 1985 Political parties and leaders: governmentsponsored Burma Socialist Program Party only legal party; U Ne Win, party chairman

new constitution approved by national referendum in November 1981; election to National Assembly held in October 1982 Political parties and leaders: National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), a Tutsi-led party, declared sole legitimate party in 1966; second national party congress held in 1984; Col. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza confirmed as party president for five-year term

Electric power

818,000 kW capacity (1985); 1.73 billion kWh produced (1985), 48 kWh per capita

20,000 kW capacity (1985); 26 million kWh produced (1985), 5 kWh per capita •

Ethnic divisions

72% Burman, 7% Karen, 6% Shan, 6% Indian, 3% Chinese, 2% Kachin, 2% Chin, 2% other

Africans— 85% Hutu (Bantu), 14% Tutsi (Hamitic), 1% Twa (Pygmy); other Africans include around 70,000 refugees, mostly Rwandans and Zairians; nonAfricans include about 3,000 Europeans and 2,000 South Asians

Exports

$349.3 million (f.o.b., FY84/85); teak, rice, pulses, beans, base metals, ores

$83.5 million (1984); coffee (87%), tea, cotton, hides and skins

Fiscal year

1 April-31 March Communications

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 585,800 metric tons (1983)

GDP

$963 million (1984 est), $250 per capita; 3% real growth rate (1983)

Government leader

U SAN YU, President and Chairman of Council of State (since November 1981)

Col. Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA, President and Head of State (since 1976)

Highways

16,500 km total; 967 km paved, 7,733 km improved, 7,800 km unimproved

27,000 km total; 3,200 km bituminous, 17,700 km improved earth or gravel, 6,100 km unimproved earth

5,900 km total; 400 km paved, 2,500 km gravel or laterite, 3,000 km improved or unimproved earth

Imports

$672.3 million (f.o.b., FY84/85); machinery and transportation equipment, building materials, oil industry equipment

$158 million (1984); textiles, foodstuffs, transport equipment, petroleum products

Infant mortality rate

93.2/1,000 (1984 est.)

121/1,000(1983)

Inland waterways

12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels

Lake Tanganyika; 1 lake port, at Bujumbura, connects to transportation systems of Zaire and Tanzania

Labor force

14.7 million (1984/85); 63.6% agriculture, 12.0% government, 9.5% trade, 9.4% industry, 5.5% other

about 1.9 million (1983); 93.0% agriculture, 4.0% government, 1.5% industry and commerce, 1.5% services

Land boundaries

5,850 km Water

974 km People

Language

Burmese; minority ethnic groups have their own languages

Kirundi and French (official); Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)

Legal system

People's Justice system and People's Courts instituted under 1974 constitution; legal education at Universities of Rangoon and Mandalay; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on German and French civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

57

42.3

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (24 nm security zone and 200 nm economic zone, including fishing)

Literacy

78%

25%

Major industries

agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood products; petroleum refining; mining of copper, tin, tungsten, iron

light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imports; public works construction; food processing

Major trade partners

exports — Singapore, Western Europe, China, UK, Japan; imports— Japan, Western Europe, Singapore, UK

US, EC countries

Member of

ADB, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP. $6.5 billion (FY84/85, in current prices), $180 per capita; real growth rate 4.5% (FY84/85)

AfDB, KAMA, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNE SCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $26.9 million; about 18.1% of central government budget Sittwe Bay of Bengal Tavo Andaman Sea Seere|iontl map VIM and IX Land 676,552 km2; nearly as large as Texas; 62% forest; 28% arable, of which 12% is cultivated; 10% urban and other

for fiscal year ending 31 March 1986, $228.29 million; about 22.2% of central government budget fiD km See regional mip VII Land 27,834 km2; the size of Maryland; about 37% arable (about 66% cultivated); 23% pasture; 10% scrub and forest; 30% other

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $33.8 million; about 18% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1,582,000; 797,000 fit for military service; no conscription

eligible 15-49, 17,410,000; of the 8,684,000 males 15-49, 4,806,000 are fit for military service; of the 8,726,000 females 15-49, 4,816,000 are fit for military service; about 41 1,000 males and 401,000 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes are liable for military service

males 15-49, 1,095,000; 569,000 fit for military service; 53,000 reach military age (16) annually

Monetary conversion rate

8.5586 kyats=US$l (FY84/85)

120 Burundi francs=US$ 1 (October 1984)

National holiday

Independence Day, 4 January

Independence Day, 1 July

Nationality

noun — Burundian(s); adjective— Burundi

Natural resources

oil, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone; possibly chromium, gypsum

nickel, uranium, rare earth oxide, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited)

Official name

Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma

Republic of Burundi

Organized labor

Workers' Asiayone or "association" (1.8 million members) and Peasants' Asiayone (7.6 million members) integrated into the country's sole political party Government

sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB); by charter, membership is extended to all Burundi workers (informally); figures denoting "active membership" unobtainable Government

Other political or pressure groups

Kachin Independence Army; Karen Nationalist Union, several Shan factions (all insurgent groups)

Pipelines

crude, 660 km; natural gas, 1 1 km

Political subdivisions

seven divisions (predominantly Burman population) and seven states (based on ethnic minorities), subdivided into townships, village-tracts (rural), and wards (urban)

15 provinces, subdivided into arrondissements and communes according to a 1982 redistricting

Population

37,651 ,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.0% Nationality, noun — Burmese; adjective — Burmese

4,807,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.8%

Ports

4 major, 6 minor

Railroads

1,173 km Ouagadougou to Abidjan (Ivory Coast line); 516 km 1.000meter gauge, single track in Burkina

4,353 km total; all government owned; 3,878 km 1.000-meter gauge, 1 13 km narrow-gauge industrial lines; 362 km double track

none

Religion

85% Buddhist, 15% indigenous beliefs, Christian, or other

about 67% Christian (62% Roman Catholic, 5% Protestant), 32% indigenous beliefs, 1% Muslim

Suffrage

universal over age 18

universal adult

Supply

mainly dependent on France, FRG, and UK

Telecommunications

all services only fair; radio relay, wire, radio communication stations in use; 8,600 telephones (under 0. 14 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 2 FM, 2 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station Defense Forces

meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service; international service is good; radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the most populous areas; 49,597 telephones (1982/83; 1 per 1,000 popl.); 1 AM station, no FM stations, 2 TV stations (December 1982); 1 ground satellite station Defense Forces

sparse system of wire and low-capacity radiorelay links; about 6,000 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 2 FM, no TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite ground station Defense Forces

Type

republic under 1974 constitution

republic; presidential system