2012 Edition

Background

Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) achieved independence from France in 1960. Repeated military coups during the 1970s and 1980s were followed by multiparty elections in the early 1990s. Current President Blaise COMPAORE came to power in a 1987 military coup and has won every election since then. Burkina Faso's high population density and limited natural resources result in poor economic prospects for the majority of its citizens.

Area

274,200 sq km 273,800 sq km 400 sq km

total

274,200 sq km

water

400 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly larger than Colorado

Climate

tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation extremes

Mouhoun (Black Volta) River 200 m Tena Kourou 749 m

highest point

Tena Kourou 749 m

lowest point

Mouhoun (Black Volta) River 200 m

Environment - current issues

recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands none of the selected agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

0.8 cu km/yr (13%/1%/86%) 60 cu m/yr (2000)

per capita

60 cu m/yr (2000)

total

0.8 cu km/yr (13%/1%/86%)

Geographic coordinates

13 00 N, 2 00 W

Geography - note

landlocked savanna cut by the three principal rivers of the Black, Red, and White Voltas

Irrigated land

300 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

3,193 km Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549 km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km

border countries

Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549 km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km

total

3,193 km

Land use

17.66% 0.22% 82.12% (2005)

arable land

17.66%

other

82.12% (2005)

permanent crops

0.22%

Location

Western Africa, north of Ghana

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

recurring droughts

Natural resources

manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold, phosphates, pumice, salt

Terrain

mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast

Total renewable water resources

17.5 cu km (2001)

Age structure

45.7% (male 3,954,621/ female 3,935,367) 51.8% (male 4,474,547/ female 4,480,892) 2.5% (male 165,048/ female 264,640) (2012 est.)

0-14 years

45.7% (male 3,954,621/ female 3,935,367)

15-64 years

51.8% (male 4,474,547/ female 4,480,892)

65 years and over

2.5% (male 165,048/ female 264,640) (2012 est.)

Birth rate

43.2 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

37.4% (2006)

Death rate

12.47 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)

Education expenditures

4.6% of GDP (2007)

Ethnic groups

Mossi over 40%, other approximately 60% (includes Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, and Fulani)

Health expenditures

6.4% of GDP (2009)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

1.2% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

7,100 (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

110,000 (2009 est.)

Hospital bed density

0.9 beds/1,000 population (2006)

Infant mortality rate

79.84 deaths/1,000 live births 87.26 deaths/1,000 live births 72.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

female

72.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

total

79.84 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population

Life expectancy at birth

54.07 years 52.09 years 56.1 years (2012 est.)

female

56.1 years (2012 est.)

total population

54.07 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 21.8% 29.4% 15.2% (2003 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

15.2% (2003 est.)

male

29.4%

total population

21.8%

Major cities - population

OUAGADOUGOU (capital) 1.777 million (2009)

Major infectious diseases

very high bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever malaria and yellow fever schistosomiasis meningococcal meningitis rabies highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

animal contact disease

rabies

degree of risk

very high

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

respiratory disease

meningococcal meningitis

vectorborne disease

malaria and yellow fever

water contact disease

schistosomiasis

Maternal mortality rate

300 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Median age

17 years 16.8 years 17.2 years (2012 est.)

female

17.2 years (2012 est.)

male

16.8 years

total

17 years

Nationality

Burkinabe (singular and plural) Burkinabe

adjective

Burkinabe

noun

Burkinabe (singular and plural)

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Physicians density

0.064 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Population

17,275,115 (July 2012 est.) estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population growth rate

3.073% (2012 est.)

Religions

Muslim 60.5%, Catholic 19%, animist 15.3%, Protestant 4.2%, other 0.6%, none 0.4%

Sanitation facility access

urban: 33% of population rural: 6% of population total: 11% of population urban: 67% of population rural: 94% of population total: 89% of population

rural

94% of population

total

89% of population

urban

67% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

6 years 7 years 6 years (2009)

female

6 years (2009)

male

7 years

total

6 years

Sex ratio

1.03 male(s)/female 1 male(s)/female 1 male(s)/female 0.62 male(s)/female 0.99 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

15-64 years

1 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.62 male(s)/female

at birth

1.03 male(s)/female

total population

0.99 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

under 15 years

1 male(s)/female

Total fertility rate

6.07 children born/woman (2012 est.)

Urbanization

26% of total population (2010) 6.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

6.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

26% of total population (2010)

Administrative divisions

13 regions; Boucle du Mouhoun, Cascades, Centre, Centre-Est, Centre-Nord, Centre-Ouest, Centre-Sud, Est, Hauts-Bassins, Nord, Plateau-Central, Sahel, Sud-Ouest

Capital

Ouagadougou 12 22 N, 1 31 W UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

geographic coordinates

12 22 N, 1 31 W

name

Ouagadougou

time difference

UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

approved by referendum 2 June 1991; formally adopted 11 June 1991; last amended January 2002

Country name

none Burkina Faso none Burkina Faso Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta

conventional long form

none

conventional short form

Burkina Faso

former

Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta

local long form

none

local short form

Burkina Faso

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador Thomas DOUGHERTY 602 Avenue Raoul Follereau, Koulouba, Secteur 4 01 B. P. 35, Ouagadougou 01; pouch mail - US Department of State, 2440 Ouagadougou Place, Washington, DC 20521-2440 [226] 50-30-67-23 [226] 50-30-38-90

chief of mission

Ambassador Thomas DOUGHERTY

embassy

602 Avenue Raoul Follereau, Koulouba, Secteur 4

FAX

[226] 50-30-38-90

mailing address

01 B. P. 35, Ouagadougou 01; pouch mail - US Department of State, 2440 Ouagadougou Place, Washington, DC 20521-2440

telephone

[226] 50-30-67-23

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Seydou BOUDA 2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 [1] (202) 332-5577 [1] (202) 667-1882

chancery

2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

chief of mission

Ambassador Seydou BOUDA

FAX

[1] (202) 667-1882

telephone

[1] (202) 332-5577

Executive branch

President Blaise COMPAORE (since 15 October 1987) Prime Minister Luc-Adolphe TIAO (since 18 April 2011) Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 November 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president with the consent of the legislature Blaise COMPAORE reelected president; percent of popular vote - Blaise COMPAORE 80.2%, Hama Arba DIALLO 8.2%, Benewende Stanislas SANKARA 6.3%, other 5.3%

cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

chief of state

President Blaise COMPAORE (since 15 October 1987)

election results

Blaise COMPAORE reelected president; percent of popular vote - Blaise COMPAORE 80.2%, Hama Arba DIALLO 8.2%, Benewende Stanislas SANKARA 6.3%, other 5.3%

elections

president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 November 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president with the consent of the legislature

head of government

Prime Minister Luc-Adolphe TIAO (since 18 April 2011)

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center; red recalls the country's struggle for independence, green is for hope and abundance, and yellow represents the country's mineral wealth uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Government type

parliamentary republic

Independence

5 August 1960 (from France)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Council of State or Conseil d'Etat; Court of Accounts or la Cour des Comptes; Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel

Legal system

civil law based on the French model and customary law

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (127 seats; members are elected by proportional representation in one national constituency of 16 seats, and 45 multi-member constituencies having between 2 and 9 seats with members serving five-year terms) National Assembly election last held on 2 December 2012 (next to be held in 2017) percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CDP 70, ADF-RDA 19, Union for Progress and Reform 19, UPR 4, UNIR-MS 4, CFD-B 3, PDS/Metba 2, other 6

election results

percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CDP 70, ADF-RDA 19, Union for Progress and Reform 19, UPR 4, UNIR-MS 4, CFD-B 3, PDS/Metba 2, other 6

elections

National Assembly election last held on 2 December 2012 (next to be held in 2017)

National anthem

"Le Ditanye" (Anthem of Victory) Thomas SANKARA adopted 1974; also known as "Une Seule Nuit" (One Single Night), Burkina Faso's anthem was written by the country's president, an avid guitar player

lyrics/music

Thomas SANKARA

name

"Le Ditanye" (Anthem of Victory)

National holiday

Republic Day, 11 December (1958); note - commemorates the day that Upper Volta became an autonomous republic in the French Community

National symbol(s)

white stallion

Political parties and leaders

African Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy and Federation or ADF-RDA [Gilbert OUEDRAOGO]; Citizen's Popular Rally or RPC [Antoine QUARE]; Coalition of Democratic Forces of Burkina or CFD-B [Amadou Diemdioda DICKO]; Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Roch Marc-Christian KABORE]; Democratic and Popular Rally or RDP [Nana THIBAUT]; Movement for Tolerance and Progress or MTP [Nayabtigungou Congo KABORE]; Party for African Independence or PAI [Soumane TOURE]; Party for Democracy and Progress-Socialist Party or PDP-PS [Ali LANKOANDE]; Party for Democracy and Socialism/Metba or PDS/Metba [Hama Arba DIALLO]; Party for National Rebirth or PAREN [Jeanne TRAORE]; Rally for the Development of Burkina or RDB [Antoine KARGOUGOU]; Rally of Ecologists of Burkina Faso or RDEB [Ram OUEDRAGO]; Republican Party for Integration and Solidarity or PARIS; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Fidele HIEN]; Union for Progress and Reform; Union for Rebirth - Sankarist Movement or UNIR-MS [Benewende STANISLAS]; Union for the Republic or UPR [Toussaint Abel COULIBALY]; Union of Sankarist Parties or UPS [Ernest Nongma OUEDRAOGO]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Burkinabe General Confederation of Labor or CGTB [Tole SAGNON]; Burkinabe Movement for Human Rights or MBDHP [Chrysigone ZOUGMORE]; Group of 14 February [Benewende STANISLAS]; National Confederation of Burkinabe Workers or CNTB [Laurent OUEDRAOGO]; National Organization of Free Unions or ONSL [Paul KABORE] watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities

other

watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

cotton, peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock

Budget

$2.256 billion $2.693 billion (2012 est.)

expenditures

$2.693 billion (2012 est.)

revenues

$2.256 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-4.3% of GDP (2012 est.)

Central bank discount rate

4.25% (31 December 2010 est.) 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

NA%

Current account balance

-$481.1 million (2012 est.) -$125.8 million (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$2.442 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $2.336 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

39.5 (2007) 48.2 (1994)

Economy - overview

Burkina Faso is a poor, landlocked country that relies heavily on cotton and gold exports for revenue. The country has few natural resources and a weak industrial base. About 90% of the population is engaged in subsistence agriculture, which is vulnerable to periodic drought. Cotton is the main cash crop. Since 1998, Burkina Faso has embarked upon a gradual privatization of state-owned enterprises and in 2004 revised its investment code to attract foreign investment. As a result of this new code and other legislation favoring the mining sector, the country has seen an upswing in gold exploration and production. By 2010, gold had become the main source of export revenue. Gold mining production doubled between 2009 and 2010. Two new mining projects were launched the third quarter of 2011. Local community conflict persists in the mining and cotton sectors, but the Prime Minister has made efforts to defuse some of the economic cause of public discontent, including announcing income tax reductions, reparations for looting victims, and subsidies for basic food items and fertilizer. An IMF mission to Burkina Faso in October 2011 expressed general satisfaction with the measures. The risk of a mass exodus of the 3 to 4 million Burinabe who live and work in Cote D'Ivoire has dissipated and trade, power, and transport links are being restored. Burkina Faso experienced a severe drought in 2011 which decimated grazing land and decreased harvests, creating food insecurity and damaging the country's agricultural base.

Exchange rates

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 514.1 (2012 est.) 471.87 (2011 est.) 495.28 (2010 est.) 472.19 (2009) 447.81 (2008)

Exports

$2.734 billion (2012 est.) $2.438 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

gold, cotton, livestock

Exports - partners

China 21%, Turkey 16.9%, Singapore 8.4%, Indonesia 6.6%, Thailand 4.9%, Malaysia 4.3% (2011)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition by sector

34.4% 23.4% 42.2% (2012 est.)

agriculture

34.4%

industry

23.4%

services

42.2% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$1,400 (2012 est.) $1,300 (2011 est.) $1,300 (2010 est.) data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

7% (2012 est.) 4.2% (2011 est.) 7.9% (2010 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$10.27 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$24.03 billion (2012 est.) $22.46 billion (2011 est.) $21.56 billion (2010 est.) data are in 2012 US dollars

Household income or consumption by percentage share

2.9% 32.2% (2009 est.)

highest 10%

32.2% (2009 est.)

lowest 10%

2.9%

Imports

$2.868 billion (2012 est.) $2.347 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

capital goods, foodstuffs, petroleum

Imports - partners

Cote dIvoire 16.7%, France 15.2%, Ghana 5%, Togo 4.7%, Belgium 4.2% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate

5.5% (2010 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

4.5% (2012 est.) 2.8% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

20.5% of GDP (2012 est.)

Labor force

6.668 million a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2007)

Labor force - by occupation

90% 10% (2000 est.)

agriculture

90%

industry and services

10% (2000 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Population below poverty line

46.7% (2009 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$1.433 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $957 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$3.91 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $2.805 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$2.414 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $1.705 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$1.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $1.56 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

22% of GDP (2012 est.)

Unemployment rate

77% (2004)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

1.441 million Mt (2010 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)

Electricity - consumption

762.5 million kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

87.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

12.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports

144.6 million kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

252,000 kW (2009 est.)

Electricity - production

664.4 million kWh (2009 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

9,960 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

12,540 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Broadcast media

2 TV stations - 1 state-owned and 1 privately-owned; state-owned radio runs a national and regional network; substantial number of privately-owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters available in Ouagadougou (2007)

Internet country code

.bf

Internet hosts

1,795 (2012)

Internet users

178,100 (2009)

Telephone system

system includes microwave radio relay, open-wire, and radiotelephone communication stations; in 2006 the government sold a 51 percent stake in the national telephone company and ultimately plans to retain only a 23 percent stake in the company fixed-line connections stand at less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage, fostered by multiple providers, is increasing rapidly from a low base country code - 226; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)

domestic

fixed-line connections stand at less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage, fostered by multiple providers, is increasing rapidly from a low base

general assessment

system includes microwave radio relay, open-wire, and radiotelephone communication stations; in 2006 the government sold a 51 percent stake in the national telephone company and ultimately plans to retain only a 23 percent stake in the company

international

country code - 226; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)

Telephones - main lines in use

141,500 (2011)

Telephones - mobile cellular

7.682 million (2011)

Airports

24 (2012)

Airports - with paved runways

1 (2012)

2,438 to 3,047 m

1 (2012)

over 3,047 m

1

total

2

Airports - with unpaved runways

6 (2012)

1,524 to 2,437 m

4

914 to 1,523 m

12

total

22

under 914 m

6 (2012)

Railways

622 km 622 km 1.000-m gauge another 660 km of this railway extends into Cote d'Ivoire (2008)

total

622 km

Roadways

15,272 km does not include urban roads (2010)

total

15,272 km

Manpower available for military service

3,735,735 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

3,735,735 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

2,366,168 2,367,673 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

2,367,673 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

2,366,168

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

193,905 191,662 (2010 est.)

female

191,662 (2010 est.)

male

193,905

Military branches

Army, Air Force of Burkina Faso (Force Aerienne de Burkina Faso, FABF), National Gendarmerie (2011)

Military expenditures

1.2% of GDP (2006)

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary military service; women may serve in supporting roles (2009)

Disputes - international

adding to illicit cross-border activities, Burkina Faso has issues concerning unresolved boundary alignments with its neighbors; demarcation is currently underway with Mali, the dispute with Niger was referred to the ICJ in 2010, and a dispute over several villages with Benin persists; Benin retains a border dispute with Burkina Faso around the town of Koualou

Refugees and internally displaced persons

40,322 (Mali) (2013)

refugees (country of origin)

40,322 (Mali) (2013)

Trafficking in persons

Burkina Faso is a country of origin, transit, and destination for women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; children are forced to work as farm hands, gold panners and washers, street vendors, domestic servents, and beggars; girls are exploited in the commercial sex trade; women from Burkina Faso are recruited for legitimate jobs in Europe and are subsequently forced into prostitution; West African women are lured to Burkina Faso for legal work and are forced into domestic servitude, prostitution, or forced labor Tier 2 - Burkina Faso does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government recognizes that sex trafficking and forced labor are problems and continued efforts to identify child victims; steps have not been taken to identify adult victims among vulnerable populations; the government sustained anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts but struggled to compile complete data on these efforts (2012)

current situation

Burkina Faso is a country of origin, transit, and destination for women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; children are forced to work as farm hands, gold panners and washers, street vendors, domestic servents, and beggars; girls are exploited in the commercial sex trade; women from Burkina Faso are recruited for legitimate jobs in Europe and are subsequently forced into prostitution; West African women are lured to Burkina Faso for legal work and are forced into domestic servitude, prostitution, or forced labor

tier rating

Tier 2 - Burkina Faso does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government recognizes that sex trafficking and forced labor are problems and continued efforts to identify child victims; steps have not been taken to identify adult victims among vulnerable populations; the government sustained anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts but struggled to compile complete data on these efforts (2012)