1985 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — rice, pepper; must import most food

Airfields

3,975 total, 2,989 usable; 300 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 22 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 410 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanentsurface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Branches

Brazilian Army, Navy of Brazil, Brazilian Air Force

chief of state is Sultan (advised by appointed Privy Council), who appoints Executive Council and Legislative Council

Royal Brunei Armed Forces, including air wing, navy, and ground forces; British Gurkha Battalion; Royal Brunei Police; Gurkha Reserve Unit

Budget

(1983 est.) revenues, $19.6 billion; expenditures, $19.6 billion (Treasury budget only)

(1979) revenues $883 million, expenditures $500 million, surplus $383 million; 35% defense

Capital

Bandar Seri Begawan

Civil air

176 major transport aircraft

Coastline

161 km People

Communists

information not available (January 1985)

Elections

last elections — March 1965; further elections postponed indefinitely Political parties and leaders: antigovernment, exiled Brunei People's Party, A. M N. Azahari, chairman

Electric power

153,000 kW capacity (1984); 470 million kWh produced (1984), 2,156 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

70% Malay, 25% Chinese, 5% other

Exports

$18.6 billion (f.o.b., 1981 est); 95% crude oil, liquefied natural gas, and petroleum products

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

GDP

$4.3 billion (1981 est.), $21,625 per capita (1981)

Government leader

Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah, Sultan (since August 1968)

Highways

1,399,440 km total; 83,965 km paved, 1,315,475 km gravel or earth

1,090 km total; 370 km paved (bituminous treated), with another 52 km under construction, 720 km gravel or unimproved

Imports

$2.7 billion (c.i.f., 1981 est.); includes machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals, beverages and tobacco, mineral fuels and lubricants, rice and other agricultural goods

Inland waterways

50,000 km navigable

209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 meters

Labor force

68, 1 28 (includes members of the Army); 63% trade and services; 23% manufacturing and construction; 11% agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining (1981)

Land boundaries

381 km Water

Language

Malay official; English and Chinese

Legal system

based on Islamic law; constitution promulgated by the Sultan in 1959

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (200 nm fishing zone)

Literacy

45%

Major industry

crude petroleum, liquefied natural gas, construction

Major trade partners

exports— 23% US, 7% Japan, 6% Netherlands, 5% FRG, 5% Italy, 4% France (1983 est); imports— 16% US, 14% Saudi Arabia, 13% Iraq, 5% Mexico, 5% FRG, 4% Venezuela, 4% Japan (1983)

exports of crude petroleum and liquefied natural gas to Japan; imports from Japan 30%, US 24%, UK 15%, Singapore 9%

Member of

ASEAN, INTERPOL, QIC, UN Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Economy

Military budget

estimated for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $3.5 billion; 8.5% of central government budget • See regional mip IX Land 5,765 km2; slightly larger than Delaware; 75% forest; 22% industry, waste, urban, or other; 3% cultivable (of which only 10% is cultivated)

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $161 million; about 13.1% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 34,539,000; 23,363,000 fit for military service; 1,465,000 reach military age (18) annually

males 15-49, 56,000; 34,000 fit for military service; about 3,000 reach military age (18) annually

Monetary conversion rate

2622 cruzeiros=US$l (31 October 1984)

2.163 Brunei dollars=US$ 1 (Setember 1984)

National holiday

National Day, 23 February

Nationality

noun — Bruneian(s); adjective — Bruneian

Official name

State of Brunei Darussalam

Organized labor

2% of labor force Government

Pipelines

crude oil, 2,000 km; refined products, 465 km; natural gas, 257 km

crude oil, 135 km; refined products, 418 km; natural gas, 920 km

Political subdivisions

four administrative districts

Population

221,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.3%

Ports

8 major, 23 significant minor

1 major (Muara), 4 minor

Railroads

24,600 km total; 22,450 km 1.000meter gauge, 1,750km 1.600-meter gauge (890 km Carajasore line to open in 1985), 200 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 200 km 0.760-meter gauge; 879 km electrified

13 km 0.610-meter narrow gauge private line

Religion

60% Muslim (Islam official religion); 8% Christian; 32% other (Buddhist and animist)

Suffrage

universal age 21 and over; threetiered system of indirect elections; popular vote cast for lowest level (district councilors)

Telecommunications

good telecom system; extensive radio relay facilities; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT stations with total of 3 antennas; 60 domestic satellite stations; 8.54 million telephones (6.3 per 100 popl.); 1,485 AM, 150 FM, 200 TV stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables Defense Forces

service throughout country is adequate for present needs; international service good to adjacent Sabah and Sarawak; radiobroadcast coverage good; 17,930 telephones (8.0 per 100 popl.); Radio Brunei broadcasts from 6 AM/FM stations and 1 TV station; 32,000 radio receivers; 1 satellite station Defense Forces

Type

became independent 1 January 1984; constitutional sultanate