1987 Edition

Boundary disputes

none; South Tyrol question with Italy

Climate

temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in mountains; cool summers with occasional showers

tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream

Coastline

3,542 km

Comparative area

slightly smaller than Maine

about the size of Connecticut

Continental shelf

200 meters or to depth of exploitation

Environment

due to steep slopes, poor soils, and cold temperatures, population is concentrated on eastern lowlands

subject to hurricanes and other tropical storms; archipelago of about 700 islands and keys

Exclusive fishing zone

200 nm

Land boundaries

2,582 km total

Land use

17% arable land; 1% permanent crops; 24% meadows and pastures; 39% forest and woodland; 19% other; includes NEGL® irrigated

1% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; NEGL% meadows and pastures; 32% forest and woodland; 67% other

Special notes

landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys

strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba

Terrain

mostly mountains with Alps in west and south; low local relief and gentle slopes along eastern and northern margins

long, flat, coral formations with some low, rounded hills

Territorial sea

3 nm

Total area

150 km 2fansbruck

83,850 km?; land area: 82,730 km?

13,940 km?; land area: 10,070 km?

Ethnic divisions

99.4% German, 0.3% Croatian, 0.2% Slovene, 0.1% other

85% black, 15% white

Infant mortality rate

16/1,000 (1983)

20.20/1,000 (1984)

Labor force

2.9 million (est. 1985); 41.10% industry and crafts, 57.55% services, 1.35% agriculture and forestry; 4.8% unemployed (est. 1985); an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number 138,700, about 5.4% of labor force (1984)

82,000 (1982); 30% government, 25% hotels and restaurants, 10% business services, 5% agriculture; 30% unemployment (1983)

Language

German

English; some Creole among Haitian immigrants

Life expectancy

73

men 64, women 70

Literacy

98%

89%

Nationality

noun—Austrian(s); adjective— Austrian Austria (continued)

noun—Bahamian(s); adjective—Bahamian

Organized labor

1,672,820 members of Austrian Trade Union Federation (1984)

25% of labor force

Population

7,569,283 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 0.09%

238,817 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 1.75%

Religion

88% Roman Catholic, 6% Protestant, 6% none or other

Baptist 29%, Anglican 23%, Roman Catholic 22%, smaller groups of other Protestants, Greek Orthodox, and Jews

Administrative divisions

9 states (lander)

Branches

bicameral legislature (Federal Assembly—Federal Council, National Council), directly elected President whose functions are largely representational, independent federal judiciary

Capital

Vienna

Communists

membership 15,000 est.; activists 7,000-8,000

Elections

presidential, every six years (next 1992); parliamentary, every four years (next 1990) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party of Austria (SPO), Fred Sinowatz, chairman; Austrian People’s Party (OVP), Alois Mock, chairman; Freedom Party of Austria (FPO), Jorg Haider, chairman; Communist Party (KPO), Franz Muhri, chairman; Green Alternative List (GAL), Freda Meissner-Blau

Government leaders

Kurt WALDHEIM, President (since July 1986); Franz VRANITZKY, Chancellor (since June 1986)

Legal system

civil law system with Roman law origin; constitution adopted 1920, repromulgated 1945; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Member of

ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, ECE, EFTA, EMA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IDB—InterAmerican Development Bank, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, IWC—International Wheat Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WSG

National holiday

26 October

Official name

Republic of Austria

The Commonwealth of

Other political or pressure groups

Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist); three composite leagues of the Austrian People’s Party (OVP) representing business, labor, and farmers; OVPoriented League of Austrian Industrialists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action

Suffrage

universal over age 19; compulsory for presidential elections

Type

federal republic

Voting strength

1986 parliamentary election—SPO 43.1%, OVP 41.3%, FPO 9.7%, GAL 4.8%, KPO .7%, other .32%; 1986 presidential election—(53.9% of 4.7 million votes cast) SPO 80 seats, OVP 77 seats, FPO 18 seats, GAL 8 seats

Agriculture

livestock, forest products, cereals, potatoes, sugar beets; 84% selfsufficient

Budget

expenditures, $22.10 billion; revenues, $18.80 billion; deficit, $3.3 billion (1986)

Crude steel

5.8 million metric tons produced (1984)

Electric power

15,846,000 kW capacity; 46,460 million kWh produced, 6,160 kWh per capita (1986)

Exports

$17.1 billion (f.0.b., 1985); iron and steel products, machinery and equipment, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals

Fiscal year

calendar year

Imports

$20.8 billion (c.i.f., 1984); machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, petroleum, foodstuffs, vehicles, office machines, pharmaceuticals

Major industries

foods, iron and steel, machinery, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp

Major trade partners

(1984) imports— 41% FRG, 8.2% Italy, 7.3% East Europe (excluding USSR), 4.5% Switzerland, 4.4% USSR, 3.7% US; exports—30.1% FRG, 9.6% East Europe (excluding USSR), 9.0% Italy, 6.7% Switzerland, 6.0% OPEC, 4.7% US Aid; donor—ODA and OOF economic aid commitments (1970-84), $1.4 billion

Monetary conversion rate

14.26 schillings=US$I (November 1986)

Natural resources

iron ore, petroleum, timber, magnesite, aluminum, coal, lignite, cement, copper

Airfields

56 total, 54 usable; 19 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air

25 major transport aircraft

Highways

95,412 km total; 34,612 are the classified network (including 1,012 km of autobahn, 10,400 km of federal, and 23,200 km of provincial roads); of this number, 21,812 km are paved and 12,800 km are unpaved; additionally, there are 60,800 km of communal roads (mostly gravel, crushed stone, earth)

Inland waterways

446 km

Pipelines

554 km crude oil; 2,611 km natural gas; 17] km refined products

Ports

2 major river (Vienna, Linz)

Railroads

6,497 km total; 5.857 km government owned; 5,403 km 1.435-meter standard gauge of which 3,017 km electrified and 1,520 km double tracked; 454 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge of which 91 km electrified; 640 km privately owned J.435and ].000-meter gauge

Telecommunications

highly developed and efficient; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 6 AM, 693 FM, 910 TV stations; 1 INTELSAT (for Atlantic and Indian regions); 3.72 million telephones (45.9 per 100 popl.)

Branches

Army, Flying Division

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1986, $1.18 billion; about 4.2% of the proposed federal budget The Bahamas 200 ken Meaton, By North - @Great Abaco Atlantic i ‘ Ocean NASSAU& “x Eleuthers ay " : _.qCat Island Cay Sal andros 2 me \ aa island ¢ " ‘ > a eo fre Long Island North a ” oxy Atlantic Lee ne Ocean ‘ . ° Great inagua

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1,964,000; 1,655,000 fit for military service; 57,000 reach military age (19) annually