1982 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1982 (Wikisource)
Geography
Area
83,916 km2; 20% cultivated, 26% meadows and pastures, 15% waste or urban, 38% forested, 1% inland water
Land boundaries
2,582 km
People and Society
Ethnic divisions
98.1% German, 0.7% Croatian, 0.3% Slovene, 0.9% other
Labor force
2,875,000 (September 1980); 18% agriculture and forestry, 49% industry and crafts, 18% trade and communications, 7% professions, 6% public service, 2% other; 1.2% unemployed; an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number 184,100 (September 1980)
Language
German
Literacy
98%
Nationality
noun—Austrian(s); adjective—Austrian
Organized labor
60% of wage and salary workers (1979)
Population
7,510,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.0%
Religion
85% Roman Catholic, 7% Protestant, 8% none or other
Government
Branches
bicameral parliament, directly elected President whose functions are largely representational, independent federal judiciary
Capital
Vienna
Communists
membership 25,000 est.; activists 7,000–8,000
Elections
presidential, every six years (next 1986); parliamentary, every four years (next 1983) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party of Austria (FPOe), Bruno Kreisky, Chairman; Austrian People's Party (OeVP), Alois Mock, Chairman; Liberal Party (FPOe), Norbert Steger, Chairman; Communist Party, Franz Muhri, Chairman Voting strength (1979 election): 51.0% SPOe, 41.9% OeVP, 6.1% FPOe, 1.0% Communist
Government leaders
President Rudolf KIRCHSCHLÄGER; Chancellor Bruno KREISKY leads a one-party Socialist government
Legal system
civil law system with Roman law origin; constitution adopted 1920, repromulgated in 1945; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; legal education at Universities of Vienna, Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, and Linz; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Member of
ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, ECE, EFTA, EMA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, ITU, IWC–International Wheat Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WSG
National holiday
26 October
Official name
Republic of Austria
Other political or pressure groups
Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist); three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party (OeVP) representing business, labor, and farmers; the OeVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrialists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action
Political subdivisions
9 states (Laender) including the capital
Suffrage
universal over age 19; compulsory for presidential elections
Type
federal republic
Economy
Agriculture
livestock, forest products, cereals, potatoes, sugar beets; 84% self-sufficient; caloric intake 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70)
Aid
(1970-79) bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $670 million
Budget
expenditures, $23.18 billion; revenues, $19.45 billion; deficit, $3.73 billion (1982)
Crude steel
4.9 million metric tons produced (1979), 650 kg per capita (1979)
Electric power
13,200,000 kW capacity (1980); 40.815 billion kWh produced (1980), 6,728 kWh per capita
Exports
$17.2 billion (f.o.b., 1980); iron and steel products, machinery and equipment, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals
Fiscal year
calendar year
GNP
$62.16 billion (1980), $8,280 per capita; 56% private consumption, 18% public consumption, 26% investment; 1980 real GNP growth rate, 0.3%
Imports
$23.4 billion (c.i.f., 1980); machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, petroleum, foodstuffs Major trade partners: (1980) 37.1% West Germany, 9.5% Italy, 6.2% Switzerland, 3.5% UK, 2.8% US; 59.8% EC; 10.1% Eastern Europe
Major industries
foods, iron and steel, machinery, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp
Monetary conversion rate
15.89 shillings=US$1, 1981 average
Communications
Airfields
55 total, 53 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Civil air
25 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in
Highways
approximately 33,600 km total national classified network, including 10,400 km federal and 23,200 km provincial roads; about 20,800 km paved (bituminous, concrete, stone block) and 12,800 km unpaved (gravel, crushed stone, stabilized soil); additional 60,800 km communal roads (mostly gravel, crushed stone, earth) and 1,012 km autobahn
Inland waterways
427 km
Pipelines
554 km crude oil; 2,611 km natural gas; 171 km refined products
Ports
2 major river (Vienna, Linz)
Railroads
6,517 km total; 5.877 km government owned; 5,397 km standard gauge (1.435 m) of which 2,730 km electrified and 1,333 km double tracked; 480 km narrow gauge (0.760 m) of which 91 km electrified; 640 km privately owned (1.435-and 1.000-meter gauge)
Telecommunications
highly developed and efficient; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 160 AM, 450 FM, and 780 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station; 2.81 million telephones (37.5 per 100 popl.)
Military and Security
Military budget
for fiscal year ending 31 December 1982, $782 million; about 3.6% of the proposed federal budget
Military manpower
males 15-49, 1,878,000; 1,590,000 fit for military service; 65,000 reach military age (19) annually