1983 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — coffee, cocoa, coconuts, timber, tea

export crops of copra, cocoa, coffee, some livestock and fish production; subsistence crops of copra, taro, yams

Aid

economic — Australia, $1,158 million committed (1976-81); World Bank group (1968-September 1969), $14.8 million committed; US, including Ex-Im (FY70-82), $125 million; other Western countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-81), $687 million

Australia (1980-83), $14.4 million

Airfields

528 total, 429 usable; 18 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 40 with runways 1,2202,439 m

29 total, 26 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

none

Area

475,369 km2; 70% forest; 3% cultivated; 2% pasture; 25% other

About 14,763 km2 Water

Branch

unicameral legislature (39-member Parliament), elected November 1983

Branches

executive — National Executive • Council; legislature — House of Assembly (109 members); judiciary — court system consists of Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea and various inferior courts (district courts, local courts, children's courts, wardens' courts)

Papua New Guinea Defense Force

President heads executive; bicameral legislature (Senate, Chamber of Deputies); judiciary headed by Supreme Court

the Pope possesses full executive, legislative, and judicial powers; he delegates these powers to the President of the Pontifical Commission, who is subject to pontifical appointment and recall; the administrative structure of the Roman Catholic Church is known as the Roman Curia, its most important temporal components include the Secretariat of State and Council for Public Affairs (which handles Vatican diplomacy) and the Prefecture of Economic Affairs; the College of Cardinals act as chief papal advisers

Budget

(1983) $1.02 million

Capital

Port Moresby

Asuncion

PortVila Vanuatu (continued) Vatican City

Vatican City

Civil air

about 15 major transport aircraft Paraguay

no major transport aircraft

no major transport aircraft

Coastline

about 5,152 km People

about 5,313 km People

about 2,528 km People

2,800 km People

Communists

no significant strength

Oscar Creydt faction and Miguel Angel Soler faction (both illegal); est. 3,000 to 4,000 party members and sympathizers in Paraguay, very few are hard core; party in exile is small and deeply divided

none known

Elections

preferential-type elections for 109-member House of Assembly every five years, last held in June 1982

President and Congress elected together every five years (last election February 1983) Political parties and leaders: Colorado Party, Juan Ramon Chaves; Liberal Party, Fulvio Hugo Celauro; Febrerista Party, Alarico Quinones Cabral; Radical Liberal Party, German Acosta Caballero; Christian Democratic Party, Romulo Perina

Supreme Pontiff elected for life by College of Cardinals

Electric power

664,100 kW capacity (1983); 1.4 billion kWh produced (1983), 430 kWh per capita

10,000 kW capacity (1981); 20 million kWh produced (1981), 163 kWh per capita

2,100 kW (standby) capacity (1983); all power is imported from Italy

Ethnic divisions

predominantly Melanesian and Papuan; some Negrito, Micronesian, and Polynesian

95% mestizo (Spanish and Indian), 5% white and Indian

93.0% Melanesian, 4.0% Polynesian, 1.5% Micronesian, 0.8% European, 0.3% Chinese, 0.4% others

90% indigenous Melanesian; 8% French; remainder Vietnamese, Chinese, and various Pacific Islanders

primarily Italians but also many other nationalities

67% mestizo, 21% white, 10% black, 2% Indian

Exports

$960.0 million (f .o.b., 1979); copper, coconut products, coffee beans, cocoa, copra, timber

$24 million (1980); 24% copra, 59% frozen fish, meat

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

GNP

$2 billion (1980), $650 per capita; real growth (1979) 3% est.

Government leader

Gen. (Ret.) Alfredo STROESSNER, President

Father Walter Hayde LINI, Prime Minister Political parties and leaders: National Party (Vanuaaku Pati), chairman Walter Lini

JOHN PAUL II, Supreme Pontiff (Karol WOJTYLA, elected Pope 16 October 1978)

Government leaders

Sir Kingsford DIBELA, Governor General; Michael Thomas SOMARE, Prime Minister

Highways

19,200 km total; 640 km paved, 1 0,960 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 7,600 km unimproved earth

at least 240 km sealed or allweather roads

none (city streets)

Imports

$935.5 million (c.i.f., 1979)

$53 million (1980); 18% food

Inland waterways

10,940 km

none

Labor force

1.44 million (1979); 352,500 (1980) in salaried employment; 53% agriculture, 20% government, 17% industry and commerce, 10% services Government

1.2 million (1982); 44% agriculture; 34% industry and commerce, 18% services; 4% government; unemployment rate 3.3% (1980)

approx. 700; Vatican City employees divided into three categories — executives, officeworkers, and salaried employees

4.3 million (1981); 27% services; 22% commerce; 16% agriculture; 16% manufacturing; 9% construction; 7% transportation; 3% petroleum, utilities, and other

Land boundaries

966 km Water

3,444 km People

3 km People

4,181 km Water

Language

715 indigenous languages; pidgin English in much of the country and Motu in Papua region are linguae francae; English spoken by 1-2% of population

Spanish (official) and Guarani

Italian, Latin, and various other languages

Spanish (official); Indian dialects spoken by about 200,000 Amerindians in the remote interior

Languages

English (official), local languages

English and French (official); pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama)

Legal system

based on English common law

based on Argentine codes, Roman law, and French codes; constitution promulgated 1967; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; legal education at National University of Asuncion and Catholic University of Our Lady of the Assumption; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

unified system being created from former dual French and British systems

Canon law; constitutional laws of 1929 serve some of the functions of a constitution

Limits of territorial waters

3 nm (fishing 200 nm)

12 nm (fishing 200 nm; exclusive economic zone 200 nm)

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm)

12 nm plus 3 nm contiguous zone for customs and sanitation (economic, including fishing, 200 nm)

Literacy

32%

81%

60%

probably 10%-20% Government

100%

85.6%

Major industries

sawmilling and timber processing, copper mining (Bougainville), fish canning

Major trade partners

Australia, UK, Japan

Member

IAEA, INTELSAT, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, UPU, WIPO, WTO; permanent observer status at FAO, OAS, UN, and UNESCO Economy The Vatican City, seat of the Holy See, is supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world; some income derived from sale of Vatican postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to Vatican museums, and sale of publications; industrial activity consists solely of printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; the banking and financial activities of the Vatican are worldwide; the Institute for Religious Works (IOR) carries out fiscal operations and invests and transfers funds of Roman Catholic religious communities throughout the world; the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See manages the Holy See's capital assets; the Vatican announced an operating deficit of $25 million for 1981

Member of

ADB, ANRPC, CIPEC (associate), Commonwealth, ESCAP (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, South Pacific Commission, South Pacific Forum, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy

ADB, Commonwealth, G-77, IFC, IMF, ITU, South Pacific Forum, UN Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $28.0 million; about 3% of central government budget Land 406,750 km2; 52% forest; 24% meadow and pasture; 22% urban, waste, and other; 2% crop

Military manpower

males 15-49, 808,000; about 447,000 fit for military service

Monetary conversion rate

.8658 kina= US$1 (February 1984)

102.034 vantus=US$l; 1.0778 Australian dollars= US$1 (February 1984) Communications

the Vatican issues its own coinage, which is interchangeable with the Italian lira; 1690.25 lira=US$l (February 1984) Communications

National holiday

Independence Day, 16 September

Independence Day, 14 May

30 June

Nationality

noun — Papua New Guinean(s); adjective — Papua New Guinean

noun — Paraguayan(s); adjective — Paraguayan

noun — Solomon Islander(s); adjective — Solomon Islander

noun — Vanuatuan(s); adjective — Vanuatuan

noun — Venezuelan(s); adjective — Venezuelan

NOTE

This archipelagic nation includes southern Solomon Islands, primarily Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal, Santa Isabel, Choiseul. Northern Solomon Islands constitute part of Papua New Guinea. Land About 29,785 km2 Water

Official name

Papua New Guinea

Republic of Paraguay

Republic of Vanuatu

State of the Vatican City

Organized labor

about 5% of labor force Government

none Government

Other political or pressure groups

Popular Colorado Movement (MoPoCo) led by Epifanio Mendez, in exile; National Accord includes MoPoCo and Febrerista, Radical Liberal, and Christian Democratic Parties

none (exclusive of influence exercised by other church officers in universal Roman Catholic Church)

Personnel

no military forces maintained; however, the French and British maintain constabularies of about 100 men each Land 0.438 km2

Political parties

Pangu Party, People's Progress Party, United Party, Papua Besena, National Party, Melanesian Alliance

Political subdivisions

19 provinces

19 departments and the national capital

four administrative districts

Vatican City includes St. Peter's, the Vatican Palace and Museum, and neighboring buildings covering more Venezuela than 13 acres; 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo, the Pope's summer residence, although outside the boundaries, enjoy extraterritorial rights

Population

3,353,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.8%

3,623,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.7%

263,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 3.7%

130, 000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.7%

1,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 0.1%

18,552,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 3.1%

Ports

5 principal, 9 minor

2 minor (PortVila, Luganville)

Railroads

none

none

none

Religion

over half of population nominally Christian (490,000 Catholic, 320,000 Lutheran, other Protestant sects); remainder indigenous beliefs

97% Roman Catholic; Mennonite and other Protestant denominations

almost all at least nominally Christian; Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Methodist churches dominant

most at least nominally Christian

Roman Catholic

96% nominally Roman Catholic, 2% Protestant

Suffrage

universal adult

universal; compulsory between ages of 18-60

limited to cardinals less than 80 years old

Supply

dependent on Australia

Telecommunications

Papua New Guinea telecom services are adequate and are being improved; facilities provide radiobroadcast, radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio and international radiocommunication services; submarine cables extend from Madang to Australia and Guam; 45,274 telephones (1.5 per 100popl.);31 AM, no FM, and no TV stations Defense Forces

2 AM broadcast stations; 2,400 telephones (2.4 per 100 popl.); 1 ground satellite station under construction Defense Forces

2 AM and 2 FM stations; 2,000-line automatic telephone exchange Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of Italy Atttntic Ocean Land 912,050 km2; 21% forest; 18% pasture; 4% cropland; 57% urban, waste, or other

Type

independent parliamentary state within Commonwealth recognizing Elizabeth II as head of state

republic; under authoritarian rule

republic, formerly Anglo-French condominium of New Hebrides, independent 30 July 1980

monarchical-sacerdotal state

Voting strength

(February 1983 general election) 90% Colorado Party, 5.6% Radical Liberal Party, 3.2% Liberal Party; Febrerista Party boycotted elections