1984 Edition

Agriculture

limited vegetables for local consumption— rice, corn, manioc, cocoa, bananas, sugar

cash crops — coffee, bananas, palm products, peanuts, citrus fruits, and pineapples; staple food crops — cassava, rice, millet, corn, sweet potatoes; livestock raised in some areas

rubber, rice, oil palm, cassava, coffee, cocoa; imports of rice, wheat, and live cattle and beef are necessary for basic diet

cash crops — cocoa, copra, coconuts, coffee, palm oil, bananas

main crops — sugar, cocoa, coffee, rice, citrus, bananas; largely dependent upon imports of food

corn, beans

limited; coconut palms, copra

Aid

economic — bilateral commitments, ODA and OOF (FY70-79), from Western (non-US) countries, $700 million, no military aid

economic commitments — Western (non-US), ODA and OOF (1970-81), $377 million; US authorizations (including Ex-Im) (FY70-82), $304 million; Communist (197079), $23.0 million; military commitments— US (FY70-82), $32 million

economic commitments — Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (197081), $583 million; US (FY77-82), $2.5 million

economic — bilateral commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-82), US, $320 million; (1970-81) other Western countries, ODA and OOF, $119 million

economic commitments — Western (nonUS) countries, ODA (1970-79), $22 million

AID

none (1981)

Airfields

10 total, 10 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runways 1,2202,439 m

2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanentsurface runways; 2 with runways 1,2202,439 m

7 total, 5 usable; 3 with permanentsurface runways; 1 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

3 (Grand Turk, South Caicos, Providenciales), including 1.93 km paved (Grand Turk) and 1.83 km paved airstrip (Providenciales); 5 landing strips on other inhabited islands

1 usable with runways 1,2202,439 m

Area

90,909 km2; 90% forest; 10% waste, built on, inland water, and other, of which .05% is cultivated and pasture

246,048 km-; 10% forest; 3% crop

27,749 km2; 44% unproductive; 31% cultivated; 18% rough pasture; 7% forest

1 1 1,370 km2; 40% forest; 30% jungle and swamp; 20% agricultural; 10% other

389 km2 (including northern Grenadines); 50% arable; 44% forest; 3% pasture; 3% waste and built on Water

963 km2 (Sao Tome, 855 km2 and Principe, 109 km2; including small islets of Pedras Tinhosas) Water

5,128 km2; 41.9% farm (25.7% cultivated or fallow, 10.6% forest, 4.1% unused or built on, and 1.5% pasture); 58.1% grassland, forest, built on, wasteland, and other Water

430s km; more than 30 islands, including 8 inhabited; largest is Grand Caicos People

Branches

executive: prefect appointed by Paris; legislative — popularly elected 16member General Council and a Regional Council composed of members of the local General Council and of the locally elected deputy and senator to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system

coup on 3 April 1984 established the 25-member military Committee for National Redress and Reconciliation to determine government policy; two highestranking CNRR members became President and Prime Minister respectively, with other CNRR members assuming most Cabinet portfolios; pre-coup unicameral legislature has been abolished

executive and legislative powers held by military People's Redemption Council, assisted by appointed Cabinet; judicial powers vested in People's Supreme Tribunal and lower courts

President heads the government assisted by a cabinet of ministers; unicameral legislature (elected National Popular Assembly)

Army, Navy

bicameral legislature (36-member elected House of Representatives and 31-member appointed Senate); executive is Cabinet led by the Prime Minister; judiciary is headed by the Chief Justice and includes a Court of Appeal, High Court, and lower courts

executive, bicameral legislature (Executive Council, 14-member Legislative Council), judicial (Supreme Court)

police Tuvalu (formerly Ellice Islands) Pacific Ocean KIRIBATI SOIOMON WESTERN VMMIMU JM°^ « FIJI AUSTRAUA CSee reference map X) Land NOTE. On 1 October 1975, by Constitutional Order, the Ellice Islands were formally separated from the British colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands, thus forming the colony of Tuvalu. The remaining islands in the former Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony are now named Kiribati. Tuvalu includes the islands of Nanumanga, Nanumea, Nui, Niutao, Vaitupu, and the four islands of the Tuvalu group formerly claimed by the United States: Funafuti, Nukufetau, Nukulailai (Nukulaelae), and Nurakita (Niulakita) Land 26km2 Water

executive — Prime Minister and Cabinet; unicameral legislature — 12-member House of Parliament judicial — High Court, 8 island courts with limited jurisdication

Budget

$101 million (1982)

(1982) public revenue $818 million, current expenditures $324 million, development expenditures $194 million, extraordinary transfers $515 million

(FY83-84) revenues $306 million, current expenditures $100 million, development expenditures $113 million

(1981 est.) central government budget $22.0 million; (1979 est.) revenues $15.7 million, current expenditures $10.4 million, capital expenditures $9.1 million

(1982) consolidated central government revenues $3. 1 billion, expenditures $4.0 billion (current $3.0 billion, capital $973 million)

(1983 est.) $2.59 million revenues, $3.6 million expenditures

Bugdet

revenue $5,912,302, expenditure $7,186,325(1981/82)

Capital

Cayenne

Conakry

Monrovia

Sao Tome

Port-of-Spain

Cockburn Town on Grand Turk Island

Funafuti

Civil air

no major transport aircraft

2 major transport aircraft

14 major transport aircraft

Air Turks and Caicos (passenger service) and Turks Air Ltd. (cargo service)

no major transport aircraft

Coastline

378 km People

346 km People

1,771 km People

579 km People

84 km People

estimated 209 km People

362 km People

about 24 km People

Communists

Communist party membership negligible

no Communist party, although there are some sympathizers

no Communist Party and only a few sympathizers

no Communist party, probably a few sympathizers

National Movement for True Independence (NAMOTI), an ultraleftist group led by Teddy Belgrave and David Abdullah; People's Popular Movement (PPM), Michael Als; February 18 Movement (F/18), James Millette; Workers' Revolutionary Committee (WRC), John Poon

none known Economy

Elections

General Council elections normally are held every five years; last election February 1983 Political parties and leaders: Guianese Socialist Party (PSG), Raymond Tarcy (senator), Leopold Helder; Union of the Guianese People (UPG), weak leftist party allied with, but also reported to have been absorbed by, the PSG; Rally for the Republic (RPR), Hector Rivierez

none scheduled but CNRR has promised to create a true and viable democracy Political parties and leaders: following 3 April 1984 coup all political activity banned and only party, Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG), dissolved

military has set 12 April 1985 as the date for return to civilian rule; election scheduled for 20 January 1985 Political parties and leaders: political activities suspended; before coup True Whig Party dominated; Progressive People's Party headed by Gabriel Baccus Matthews had recently been legalized; unauthorized ' Marxist-oriented Movement for Justice in Africa, led by Togba Nah Tipoteh (in exile)

da Costa reelected May 1980 by Popular Assembly; Assembly elections held March-April 1980 Political parties and leaders: Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe (MLSTP), Manuel Pinto da Costa

elections to be held at intervals of not more than five years; last election held 9 November 1981 Political parties and leaders: People's National Movement (PNM), George Chambers; United Labor Front (ULF), Basdeo Panday; Organization for National Reconstruction (ONR), Karl Hudson-Phillips; Democratic Action Congress (DAC), Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson; Tapia House Movement, Michael Harris

last 1980 for 11 Legislative Council seats Political parties and leaders: People's Democratic Movement (PMD), Progressive National Party (PNP)

last general election September 1981, next September 1985

Electric power

31,000 kW capacity (1983); 137 million kWh produced (1983), 1,780 kWh per capita

180,000 kW capacity (1983); 500 million kWh produced (19*3), 90 kWh per capita

375,000 kW capacity (1983); 2.0 billion kWh produced (1983), 955 kWh per capita

6,300 kW capacity (1983); 15 million kWh produced (1983), 170 kWh per capita

805,000 kW capacity (1983); 2.0 billion kWh produced (1983), 1,650 kWh per capita

2,600 kW capacity (1981); 3.0 million kWh produced (1981), 333 kWh per capita

Enthnic division

majority of African descent

Ethnic divisions

66% black or mulatto; 12% Caucasian; 12% East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian; 10% other

Foulah, Malinke, Soussou, 15 smaller tribes

95% black, 5% mulatto and European

95% indigenous African tribes, including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, and Bella; 5% descendants of repatriated slaves known as Americo-Liberians

mainly of African Negro descent; remainder mixed, with some white and East Indian and Carib Indian

mestico, angolares (descendents of Angolan slaves), forros (descendents of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), and Europeans (primarily Portuguese)

43% black, 40% East Indian, 14% mixed, 1% white, 1% Chinese, 1% other

96% Polynesian

Exports

$35.4 million (1981); shrimp, timber, rum, rosewood essence

$442 million (f.o.b., 1982); bauxite, alumina, diamonds, coffee, pineapples, bananas, palm kernels

$450 million (f.o.b., 1983 est.); iron ore, rubber, diamonds, lumber and logs, coffee, cocoa

$8.8 million (f.o.b., 1981 est.); mainly cocoa (90%), copra (7%), coffee, palm oil

$3.1 billion (f.o.b., 1982); petroleum and petroleum products, ammonia, fertilizer, chemicals, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus; includes exports of oil under processing agreement

$2,668,080 (1981/82); crawfish, dried and fresh conch, conch shells

copra— $26,789 (1981)

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

1 July-30 June

calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

probably calendar Communications

Fishing

catch 4,457 metric tons (1980)

catch 13,484 metric tons (1979 est.)

catch 1,500 metric tons (1979 est.)

catch 4,461 metric tons (1980)

catch 395.76 metric tons (1981)

GDP

$582 billion (1982), $102 per capita; real growth rate 2.6% (1982)

$800 million (1982), $385 per capita; —5% real annual growth rate (1982)

$30 million (1981 est.); per capita income $300(1981 est.); average annual growth rate -10% (1981 est.)

GNP

$120 million (1976), $1,935 per capita French Polynesia

$7.316 billion (1982), $6,651 per capita; real growth rate (1982), 0%

not available

$4 million (1980 est), $570 per capita

Government leader

Claude SILBERZAHNL, Prefect of the Republic

Gen. Samuel Kanyon DOE, Head of State, Chairman of the People's Redemption Council, and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces

Dr. Manuel Pinto DA COSTA, President

Christopher J. Turner, Governor

Government leaders

Col. Lansana CONTE, President and Chief of State; Col. Diarra TRAORE, Prime Minister and Head of Government

George Michael CHAMBERS, Prime Minister; Ellis Emmanuel Innocent CLARKE, President

Dr. Tomasi PUAPUA, Prime Minister; Sir Fiatav Penitala TED, Governor General

Highways

680 km total; 510 km paved, 170 km improved and unimproved earth

7,565 km total; 4,780 km paved, remainder unimproved earth

8,280 km total; 3,980 km paved, 1,100 km improved earth, 3,200 km unimproved earth

121 km, including 24 km tarmac

8 km gravel

Imports

$245.9 million (1981); food (grains, processed meat), other consumer goods, producer goods, and petroleum

$264 million (f.o.b., 1982); petroleum products, metals, machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles

$400 million (c.i.f., 1983 est.); machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, manufactured goods, foodstuffs

$20.0 million (f.o.b., 1981 est.); food products, machinery and electrical equipment, fuels

$3.7 billion (c.i.f., 1982); crude petroleum (33%), machinery, fabricated metals, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals; includes imports under processing agreement

$15,233,973 (1981/82); foodstuffs, drink, tobacco, clothing

$2.8 million (1981); food and mineral fuels

Inland waterways

460 km, navigable by small oceangoing vessels and river and coastal steamers; 3,300 km possibly navigable by native craft

none

Labor force

23,265 (1980); services, government and commerce 60.6%; industry 21.2 %; agriculture 18.2%; information on unemployment unavailable

2.4 million (1983); 82% agriculture, 11% industry and commerce, 5.4% services, 1.6% government

2.3 million (est. 1975); 79% agriculture, 14% services, 7% industry, 5% unemployed; shortage of skilled labor; unskilled labor abundant

510,000, of which 160,000 are in monetary economy; non-African foreigners hold about 95% of the top-level management and engineering jobs; 70.5% agriculture, 10.8% services, 4.5% industry and commerce, 14.2% other

6 1 ,000 ( 1 979 est. ); about 20% unemployed (1978)

most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; some unemployment, but labor shortages on plantations and for skilled work Government

about 473,000 (est. 1979-81); 23.0% service; 20.0% mining, quarrying, and manufacturing; 17.4% commerce; 15.7% construction and utilities; 13.5% agriculture; 7.5% transportation and communication; 2.9% other

some subsistence agriculture; majority engaged in fishing and tourist industries

Land boundaries

1,183 km Water

3,476 km Water

1,336 km Water

Land boundary

361 km Water

Language

French

French (official); each tribe has own language

French (official) spoken by only 10% of population; all speak Creole

English (official); more than 20 local languages of the Niger-Congo language group; English used by about 20%

English, some French patois

Portuguese (official)

English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish

English (official)

Languages

Tuvaluan, English

Legal system

French legal system; highest court is Court of Appeals based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana

based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; 1958 constitution suspended after military coup on 3 April 1984; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

constitution suspended; martial law imposed; laws previously in force remain until repealed or amended by decrees issued by People's Redemption Council; draft constitution promulgated March 1983 by constitutional commission

based on Portuguese law system and customary law; constitution adopted December 1975; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on English common law; constitution came into effect 1976; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

probably based on English common law

Limits of territorial waters

12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm)

3 nm (fishing 200 nm, economic 200 nm)

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (fishing 200 nm; economic zone 200 nm)

12 nm (fishing 200 nm; economic zone 200 nm)

12 nm (fishing 200 nm; 200 nm exclusive economic zone)

200 nm

3 nm (fishing 12 nm)

12 nm (200 nm fishing zone; 200 nm economic zone)

Literacy

73%

20% in French; 48% in local languages

23%

24%

82%

est. 50%

89%

probably fairly high

less than 50% Government

Major industries

construction, shrimp processing, forestry products, rum, gold mining

bauxite mining, alumina, diamond mining, light manufacturing and processing industries

rubber processing, food processing, construction materials, furniture, palm oil processing, mining (iron ore, diamonds)

light construction, shirts, soap, beer, fisheries, shrimp processing

petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement

fishing, tourism; formerly produced salt by solar evaporation

Major trade partners

exports — 54% US, 17% Japan, 15% France, 5% Martinique; imports— 53% France, 15% Trinidad and Tobago, 10% US (1981)

imports — Switzerland, France, USSR, US; exports— US, France, Canada, FRG, USSR

US, FRG, Netherlands, Italy, Belgium

main partner Netherlands, followed by Portugal, US, and FRG

exports — US 57%, Netherlands 6%; imports — Saudi Arabia 31%, US 26%, UK 10%

US (lobster, conch, tourism) and UK

UK, Australia

Member of

WFTU Economy

AfDB, EGA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDE— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Economy

AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy

AfDB, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy

CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, International Coffee Agreement, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDE — Inter-American Development Bank, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ISO, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy

GATT (de facto), SPC, UPU Economy

Military manpower

males 15-49, 20,000; 14,000 fit for military service U.S.

Monetary conversion rate

8.445 French francs=US$l (February 1984)

23.717 sylis=US$l (February 1984)

uses the US dollar

39.7905 dobra=US$l (February 1984)

2.4 Trinidad and Tobago dollars=US$l (30 September 1983)

uses the US dollar

1.0778 Australian dollars=US$l (February 1984) Communications

National holiday

Independence Day, 2 October; Anniversity of Invasion, 22 November

National Redemption Day, 12 April; Independence Day, 26 July

Martyr's Day, 4 February; Independence Day, 12 July; Armed Forces Day (first week in September (varies); Farmer's Day, 30 September

Independence Day, 31 August

Commonwealth Day, 31 May

Nationality

noun— French Guianese (sing., pi.); adjective — French Guiana

noun — Guinean(s); adjective — Guinean

noun — Haitian(s); adjective — Haitian

noun — Liberian(s); adjective— Liberian

noun — St. Vincentian(s) or Vincentian(s); adjectives — St. Vincentian or Vincentian

noun — Sao Tomean(s): adjective — Sao Tomean

noun — Trinidadian(s), Tobagan(s); adjective — Trinidadian, Tobagan

noun — Tuvaluans(s); adjective — Tuvaluan

Official name

Department of French Guiana

People's Revolutionary Republic of Guinea (changed by Committee for National Redress and Reconciliation to Republic of Guinea)

Republic of Liberia

Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe

Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

Tuvalu

Organized labor

7% of labor force Government

virtually 100% of wage labor force loosely affiliated with the National Confederation of Guinean Workers, which is closely tied to the PDG Government

2% of labor force Government

10% of labor force St. Vincent and The Grenadines (continued)

30% of labor force Government

St. George's Industrial Trade Union (Cockburn Harbor), 250 members Government Official name; Turks and Caicos Islands

Other political pressure groups

National Joint Action Committee (NJAC), radical antigovernment Black-identity organization; Trinidad and Tobago Peace Council, leftist organization affiliated with the World Peace Council; Trinidad and Tobago Chamber of Industry and Commerce; Trinidad and Tobago Labor Congress, moderate labor federation; Council of Progressive Trade Unions, radical labor federation

Pipelines

1,032 km crude oil; 19 km refined products; 904 km natural gas

Political parties

none

Political subdivisions

2 arrondissements, 19 communes each with a locally elected municipal council

35 administrative regions, 170arrondissements, about 8,000 local entities at village level

country divided into 10 counties

8 counties (29 wards, Tobago is 30th)

3 districts

Population

80,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 3.4%

5,579,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.7%

5,803,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.0%

2,160,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 3.3%

138,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 3.2%

89,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 1.1%

1,168,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 1.6%

7,436 (1980)

8,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 1.6%

Ports

1 major (Cayenne), 7 minor

1 major (SSo Tome), 1 minor

3 major (Port-of-Spain, Chaguaramas Bay, Point Tembladora), 6 minor

4 major (Grand Turk, Salt Cay, Providenciales, Cockburn Harbor)

2 minor (Funafuti) and Nukufetav

Railroads

none

805 km; 662 km 1.000-meter gauge, 143 km 1.435-meter standard gauge

none

none

none

Regligion

Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Methodist, Church of God, Seventh-day Adventist

Religion

predominantly Roman Catholic

75% Muslim, 249? indigenous beliefs. 1% Christian

75-80% Roman Catholic (of which an overwhelming majority also practice Voodoo), 10% Protestant

75% traditional, 15% Muslim, 10% Christian

Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic

Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh Day Adventist

36.2% Roman Catholic, 23% Hindu, 13.1% Protestant, 6% Muslim, 21.7% unknown

Christian, predominantly Protestant

Suffrage

universal over age 18

universal over age 18

under suspended constitution, universal 18 years and over for property owners

universal for age 18 and over

universal over age 18

universal adult at age 18 for "belongers"

Telecommunications

fair openwire and radio-relay system with about 18,100 telephones (25.9 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 2 FM, and 2 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Defense is the responsibility of France

minimal system; 900 telephones (1.0 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 2 FM, and no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station • Defense Forces

excellent international service via tropospheric scatter links to Barbados and Guyana; fair local service; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 80,000 telephones (7.0 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 3 FM, and 3 TV stations

cable and wireless services (932 telephones, 1981); 1 AM station (21,500 radio receivers, 1982) Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of UK

1 AM station; about 300 radio telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 4,000 radio sets

Type

overseas department and region of France; represented by one deputy in French National Assembly and one senator in French Senate

republic

highly centralized military rule since coup on 12 April 1980

republic

parliamentary democracy

British colony; constitution introduced in 1976

independent state with "special membership" in the Commonwealth, recognizing Elizabeth II as head of state

Voting strength

(1981 election)55% of registered voters cast ballots; House of Representatives— PNM, 26 seats; ULF, 8; DAC, the 2 Tobago seats

PDM, 3 seats; PNP, 8 seats