2016 Edition

CIA World Factbook 2016 Archive (HTML)

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Countries

268

Data Records

71,560

Aruba

2016 Edition · 264 data fields

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Introduction

Background

Discovered and claimed for Spain in 1499, Aruba was acquired by the Dutch in 1636. The island's economy has been dominated by three main industries. A 19th century gold rush was followed by prosperity brought on by the opening in 1924 of an oil refinery. The last decades of the 20th century saw a boom in the tourism industry. Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 and became a separate, autonomous member of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Movement toward full independence was halted at Aruba's request in 1990.

Geography

Area

180 sq km 180 sq km 0 sq km
land: 180 sq km
total: 180 sq km
water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly larger than Washington, DC

Climate

tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation

Coastline

68.5 km

Elevation

NA lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Ceru Jamanota 188 m
elevation extremes: lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Ceru Jamanota 188 m
mean elevation: NA

Environment - current issues

Geographic coordinates

12 30 N, 69 58 W

Geography - note

a flat, riverless island renowned for its white sand beaches; its tropical climate is moderated by constant trade winds from the Atlantic Ocean; the temperature is almost constant at about 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit)

Irrigated land

Land boundaries

0 km

Land use

11.1% arable land 11.1%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 0% 2.3% 86.6% (2011 est.)
agricultural land: 11.1%
forest: 2.3%
other: 86.6% (2011 est.)

Location

Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime claims

12 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards

hurricanes; lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt and is rarely threatened

Natural resources

NEGL; white sandy beaches foster tourism

Population - distribution

most residents live in or around Oranjestad and San Nicolaas; most settlments tend to be located on the less mountainous western side of the island

Terrain

flat with a few hills; scant vegetation

People and Society

Age structure

17.66% (male 10,068/female 9,999) 13.03% (male 7,441/female 7,366) 42.16% (male 23,068/female 24,847) 14.01% (male 7,398/female 8,525) 13.14% (male 5,853/female 9,083) (2016 est.)
0-14 years: 17.66% (male 10,068/female 9,999)
15-24 years: 13.03% (male 7,441/female 7,366)
25-54 years: 42.16% (male 23,068/female 24,847)
55-64 years: 14.01% (male 7,398/female 8,525)
65 years and over: 13.14% (male 5,853/female 9,083) (2016 est.)

Birth rate

12.5 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Death rate

8.3 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Dependency ratios

44% 26.4% 17.6% 5.7% (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 17.6%
potential support ratio: 5.7% (2015 est.)
total dependency ratio: 44%
youth dependency ratio: 26.4%

Drinking water source

urban: 98.1% of population rural: 98.1% of population total: 98.1% of population urban: 1.9% of population rural: 1.9% of population total: 1.9% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 1.9% of population
total: 1.9% of population (2015 est.)
urban: 1.9% of population

Education expenditures

6% of GDP (2011)

Ethnic groups

Dutch 82.1%, Colombian 6.6%, Venezuelan 2.2%, Dominican 2.2%, Haitian 1.2%, other 5.5%, unspecified 0.1% (2010 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

HIV/AIDS - deaths

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

Infant mortality rate

11 deaths/1,000 live births 14.5 deaths/1,000 live births 7.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
female: 7.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
male: 14.5 deaths/1,000 live births
total: 11 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Papiamento (official) (a creole language that is a mixture of Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English, and, to a lesser extent, French, as well as elements of African languages and the language of the Arawak) 69.4%, Spanish 13.7%, English (widely spoken) 7.1%, Dutch (official) 6.1%, Chinese 1.5%, other 1.7%, unspecified 0.4% (2010 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

76.8 years 73.7 years 79.9 years (2016 est.)
female: 79.9 years (2016 est.)
male: 73.7 years
total population: 76.8 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 97.5% 97.5% 97.5% (2015 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
female: 97.5% (2015 est.)
male: 97.5%
total population: 97.5%

Major infectious diseases

active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus (2016)
note: active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus (2016)

Major urban areas - population

ORANJESTAD (capital) 29,000 (2014)

Median age

39.1 years 37.3 years 40.9 years (2016 est.)
female: 40.9 years (2016 est.)
male: 37.3 years
total: 39.1 years

Nationality

Aruban(s) Aruban; Dutch
adjective: Aruban; Dutch
noun: Aruban(s)

Net migration rate

8.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Population

113,648 (July 2016 est.)

Population distribution

most residents live in or around Oranjestad and San Nicolaas; most settlments tend to be located on the less mountainous western side of the island

Population growth rate

1.3% (2016 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 75.3%, Protestant 4.9% (includes Methodist 0.9%, Adventist 0.9%, Anglican 0.4%, other Protestant 2.7%), Jehovah's Witness 1.7%, other 12%, none 5.5%, unspecified 0.5% (2010 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 97.7% of population rural: 97.7% of population total: 97.7% of population urban: 2.3% of population rural: 2.3% of population total: 2.3% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 2.3% of population
total: 2.3% of population (2015 est.)
urban: 2.3% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

14 years 13 years 14 years (2012)
female: 14 years (2012)
male: 13 years
total: 14 years

Sex ratio

1.02 male(s)/female 1.01 male(s)/female 1.01 male(s)/female 0.93 male(s)/female 0.87 male(s)/female 0.64 male(s)/female 0.9 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.87 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
total population: 0.9 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.84 children born/woman (2016 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

28.9% 29.9% 27.5% (2010 est.)
female: 27.5% (2010 est.)
male: 29.9%
total: 28.9%

Urbanization

41.5% of total population (2015) -0.28% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
rate of urbanization: -0.28% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
urban population: 41.5% of total population (2015)

Government

Administrative divisions

none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) Aruba is one of four constituent parts (countries) of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; the other three parts are the Netherlands, Curacao, and Sint Maarten
note: Aruba is one of four constituent parts (countries) of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; the other three parts are the Netherlands, Curacao, and Sint Maarten

Capital

Oranjestad 12 31 N, 70 02 W UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
geographic coordinates: 12 31 N, 70 02 W
name: Oranjestad
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

see the Netherlands

Constitution

previous 1947, 1955; latest drafted and approved August 1985, enacted 1 January 1986 (regulates governance of Aruba, but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands); note - in October 2010, following dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, Aruba became a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands (2016)

Country name

none Aruba the origin of the island's name is unclear; according to tradition, the name comes from the Spanish phrase "oro huba" (there was gold), but in fact no gold was ever found on the island; another possibility is the native word "oruba," which means "well situated"
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Aruba
etymology: the origin of the island's name is unclear; according to tradition, the name comes from the Spanish phrase "oro huba" (there was gold), but in fact no gold was ever found on the island; another possibility is the native word "oruba," which means "well situated"

Dependency status

constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs obtained in 1986 upon separation from the Netherlands Antilles; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in Aruba; the Consul General to Curacao is accredited to Aruba

Diplomatic representation in the US

none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands); note - there is a Minister Plenipotentiary for Aruba at the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Executive branch

King WILLEM-ALEXANDER of the Netherlands (since 30 April 2013); represented by Governor General Fredis REFUNJOL (since 11 May 2004) Prime Minister Michiel "Mike" Godfried EMAN (since 30 October 2009) Council of Ministers elected by the Legislature (Staten) the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch for a 6-year term; prime minister and deputy prime minister indirectly elected by the Staten for 4-year tern; election last held on 25 September 2009 (next to be held by September 2013) Michiel "Mike" Godfried EMAN (AVP) elected prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA
cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the Legislature (Staten)
chief of state: King WILLEM-ALEXANDER of the Netherlands (since 30 April 2013); represented by Governor General Fredis REFUNJOL (since 11 May 2004)
election results: Michiel "Mike" Godfried EMAN (AVP) elected prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch for a 6-year term; prime minister and deputy prime minister indirectly elected by the Staten for 4-year tern; election last held on 25 September 2009 (next to be held by September 2013)
head of government: Prime Minister Michiel "Mike" Godfried EMAN (since 30 October 2009)

Flag description

blue, with two narrow, horizontal, yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner; the star represents Aruba and its red soil and white beaches, its four points the four major languages (Papiamento, Dutch, Spanish, English) as well as the four points of a compass, to indicate that its inhabitants come from all over the world; the blue symbolizes Caribbean waters and skies; the stripes represent the island's two main "industries": the flow of tourists to the sun-drenched beaches and the flow of minerals from the earth
blue, with two narrow, horizontal, yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner; the star represents Aruba and its red soil and white beaches, its four points the four major language: the flow of tourists to the sun-drenched beaches and the flow of minerals from the earth

Government type

parliamentary democracy (Legislature); part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Independence

none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

International organization participation

Caricom (observer), FATF, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU

Judicial branch

Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatitus and Saba or "Joint Court of Justice" (sits as a 3-judge panel); final appeals heard by the Supreme Court, in The Hague, Netherlands Joint Court judges appointed by the monarch for life Courts in First Instance
highest court(s): Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatitus and Saba or "Joint Court of Justice" (sits as a 3-judge panel); final appeals heard by the Supreme Court, in The Hague, Netherlands
judge selection and term of office: Joint Court judges appointed by the monarch for life
subordinate courts: Courts in First Instance

Legal system

civil law system based on the Dutch civil code

Legislative branch

unicameral Legislature or Staten (21 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) last held on 27 September 2013 (next to be held in 2017) percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AVP 13, MEP 8
description: unicameral Legislature or Staten (21 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AVP 13, MEP 8
elections: last held on 27 September 2013 (next to be held in 2017)

National anthem

"Aruba Deshi Tera" (Aruba Precious Country) Juan Chabaya 'Padu' LAMPE/Rufo Inocencio WEVER local anthem adopted 1986; as part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, "Het Wilhelmus" is official (see Netherlands)
lyrics/music: Juan Chabaya 'Padu' LAMPE/Rufo Inocencio WEVER
name: "Aruba Deshi Tera" (Aruba Precious Country)
note: local anthem adopted 1986; as part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, "Het Wilhelmus" is official (see Netherlands)

National holiday

Flag Day, 18 March (1976)

National symbol(s)

Hooiberg (Haystack) Hill; national colors: blue, yellow, red, white
Hooiberg (Haystack) Hill; national colors: blue, yellow, red, white

Political parties and leaders

Aruban People's Party or AVP [Michiel "Mike" EMAN] People's Electoral Movement Party or MEP [Evelyn WEVER-CROES] Real Democracy or PDR [Andin BIKKER]

Political pressure groups and leaders

environmental groups
other: environmental groups

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Economy

Agriculture - products

aloes; livestock; fish

Budget

$676.3 million $784.5 million (2015 est.)
expenditures: $784.5 million (2015 est.)
revenues: $676.3 million

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-4.3% of GDP (2015 est.)

Central bank discount rate

1% (31 December 2010) 3% (31 December 2009)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

8.25% (31 December 2015 est.) 8.23% (31 December 2014 est.)

Debt - external

$693.2 million (31 December 2014 est.) $666.4 million (31 December 2013 est.)

Economy - overview

Tourism, petroleum bunkering, hospitality, and financial and business services are the mainstays of the small open Aruban economy. Tourist arrivals have rebounded strongly following a dip after the 2008 global financial crisis. Tourism now accounts for a majority of economic activity. Over 1 million tourists per year visit Aruba, with the large majority of those from the US. The rapid growth of the tourism sector has resulted in a substantial expansion of other activities. Construction continues to boom with hotel capacity five times the 1985 level. Aruba is heavily dependent on imports and is making efforts to expand exports to achieve a more desirable trade balance. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, with the US, the Netherlands, and Panama being the major suppliers. Aruba weathered two major shocks in recent years: fallout from the global financial crisis, which had its largest impact on tourism, and the closure of its oil refinery in 2009. However, tourism and related industries have continued to grow, and the Aruban government is working to attract more diverse industries. Aruba's banking sector withstood the recession well, and unemployment has significantly decreased.
Aruba weathered two major shocks in recent years: fallout from the global financial crisis, which had its largest impact on tourism, and the closure of its oil refinery in 2009. However, tourism and related industries have continued to grow, and the Aruban government is working to attract more diverse industries. Aruba's banking sector withstood the recession well, and unemployment has significantly decreased.

Exchange rates

Aruban guilders/florins per US dollar - 1.79 (2015 est.) 1.79 (2014 est.) 1.79 (2013 est.) 1.79 (2012 est.) 1.79 (2011 est.)

Exports

$333.2 million (2015 est.) $258.2 million (2014 est.)

Exports - commodities

live animals and animal products, art and collectibles, machinery and electrical equipment, transport equipment

Exports - partners

Colombia 28.2%, Netherlands Antilles 18.1%, US 14.3%, Netherlands 10.1%, Mexico 6.5%, Venezuela 6.3%, Panama 4.1% (2015)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

63.3% 28.3% 22.9% 0% 68.1% -82.6% (2015 est.)
exports of goods and services: 68.1%
government consumption: 28.3%
household consumption: 63.3%
imports of goods and services: -82.6% (2015 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 22.9%
investment in inventories: 0%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

0.4% 33.3% 66.3% (2002 est.)
agriculture: 0.4%
industry: 33.3%
services: 66.3% (2002 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$25,300 (2011 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

2.4% (2005 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$2.516 billion (2009 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$2.516 billion (2009 est.) $2.258 billion (2005 est.) $2.205 billion (2004 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

NA% NA%
highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%

Imports

$1.269 billion (2015 est.) $1.35 billion (2014 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and electrical equipment, refined oil for bunkering and reexport, chemicals; foodstuffs

Imports - partners

US 55.4%, Netherlands 11.2% (2015)

Industrial production growth rate

NA%

Industries

tourism, petroleum transshipment facilities, banking

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0.5% (2015 est.) 0.4% (2014 est.)

Labor force

51,610 of the 51,610 workers aged 15 and over in the labor force, 32,252 were born in Aruba and 19,353 came from abroad; foreign workers are 38% of the employed population (2007 est.)
note: of the 51,610 workers aged 15 and over in the labor force, 32,252 were born in Aruba and 19,353 came from abroad; foreign workers are 38% of the employed population (2007 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

NA% NA% NA% most employment is in wholesale and retail trade, followed by hotels and restaurants
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
note: most employment is in wholesale and retail trade, followed by hotels and restaurants
services: NA%

Population below poverty line

NA%

Public debt

67% of GDP (2013) 55% of GDP (2012)

Stock of broad money

$1.942 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $1.838 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$1.768 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $1.754 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$1.151 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

26.9% of GDP (2015 est.)

Unemployment rate

6.9% (2005 est.)

Broadcast media

2 commercial TV stations; cable TV subscription service provides access to foreign channels; about 20 commercial radio stations broadcast (2007)

Internet country code

.aw

Internet users

99,000 88.7% (July 2015 est.)
percent of population: 88.7% (July 2015 est.)
total: 99,000

Telephone system

modern fully automatic telecommunications system increased competition through privatization has increased mobile-cellular teledensity to over 125 per 100 persons; 3 mobile-cellular service providers are now licensed country code - 297; landing site for the PAN-AM submarine telecommunications cable system that extends from the US Virgin Islands through Aruba to Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and the west coast of South America; extensive interisland microwave radio relay links (2015)
domestic: increased competition through privatization has increased mobile-cellular teledensity to over 125 per 100 persons; 3 mobile-cellular service providers are now licensed
general assessment: modern fully automatic telecommunications system
international: country code - 297; landing site for the PAN-AM submarine telecommunications cable system that extends from the US Virgin Islands through Aruba to Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and the west coast of South America; extensive interisland microwave radio relay links (2015)

Telephones - fixed lines

35,000 31 (July 2015 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (July 2015 est.)
total subscriptions: 35,000

Telephones - mobile cellular

141,000 126 (July 2015 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (July 2015 est.)
total: 141,000

Transportation

Airports

1 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

1 (2013)
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2013)
total: 1

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

P4 (2016)

National air transport system

2,120,578 0 mt-km (2015)
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 0 mt-km (2015)
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 2,120,578
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 19
number of registered air carriers: 3

Ports and terminals

Barcadera, Oranjestad Sint Nicolaas Oranjestad
cruise port(s): Oranjestad
major seaport(s): Barcadera, Oranjestad
oil terminal(s): Sint Nicolaas

Military and Security

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of the Netherlands; the Aruba security services focus on organized crime and terrorism

Military branches

no regular military forces (2011)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international

none

Illicit drugs

transit point for US- and Europe-bound narcotics with some accompanying money-laundering activity; relatively high percentage of population consumes cocaine