2004 Edition

Background

Following independence from Spain in 1816, Argentina experienced periods of internal political conflict between conservatives and liberals and between civilian and military factions. After World War II, a long period of Peronist authoritarian rule and interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976. Democracy returned in 1983, and numerous elections since then have underscored Argentina's progress in democratic consolidation.

Area

land

2,736,690 sq km

total

2,766,890 sq km

water

30,200 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US

Climate

mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest

Coastline

4,989 km

Elevation extremes

Julian and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz)

corner of the province of Mendoza)

highest point

Cerro Aconcagua 6,960 m (located in the northwestern

lowest point

Laguna del Carbon -105 m (located between Puerto San

Environment - current issues

environmental problems (urban and rural) typical of an industrializing economy such as deforestation, soil degradation, desertification, air pollution, and water pollution

gas targets

note

Argentina is a world leader in setting voluntary greenhouse

Environment - international agreements

Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

party to

Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living

signed, but not ratified

Marine Life Conservation

Geographic coordinates

34 00 S, 64 00 W

Geography - note

second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Cerro Aconcagua is South America's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbon is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere

Irrigated land

15,610 sq km (1998 est.)

Land boundaries

Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km

border countries

Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km,

total

9,665 km

Land use

arable land

12.31%

other

87.21% (2001)

permanent crops

0.48%

Location

Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay

Map references

South America

Maritime claims

contiguous zone

24 nm

continental shelf

200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding

Natural resources

fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium

Terrain

rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border

Age structure

0-14 years: 25.9% (male 5,179,236; female 4,947,234) 15-64 years: 63.6% (male 12,452,566; female 12,457,451) 65 years and over: 10.5% (male 1,685,371; female 2,422,895) (2004 est.)

Birth rate

17.19 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)

Death rate

7.57 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)

Ethnic groups

white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo, Amerindian, or other nonwhite groups 3%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.7% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

1,500 (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

130,000 (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate

female

13.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)

male

17.6 deaths/1,000 live births

total

15.66 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French

Life expectancy at birth

female

79.65 years (2004 est.)

male

71.95 years

total population

75.7 years

Literacy

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

97.1% (2003 est.)

male

97.1%

total population

97.1%

Median age

female

30.1 years (2004 est.)

male

28.3 years

total

29.2 years

Nationality

adjective

Argentine

noun

Argentine(s)

Net migration rate

0.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)

Population

39,144,753 (July 2004 est.)

Population growth rate

1.02% (2004 est.)

Religions

nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 4%

Sex ratio

15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female

at birth

1.05 male(s)/female

total population

0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

under 15 years

1.05 male(s)/female

Total fertility rate

2.24 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Administrative divisions

23 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), and 1 autonomous city* (distrito federal); Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires Capital Federal*, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur, Tucuman

note

the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica

Capital

Buenos Aires

Constitution

1 May 1853; revised August 1994

Country name

conventional long form

Argentine Republic

conventional short form

Argentina

local long form

Republica Argentina

local short form

Argentina

Diplomatic representation from the US

FAX: [54] (11) 5777-4240

address

Unit 4334, APO AA 34034

chief of mission

Ambassador Lino GUTIERREZ

embassy

Avenida Colombia 4300, C1425GMN Buenos Aires

mailing address

international mail: use street address; APO

telephone

[54] (11) 5777-4533

Diplomatic representation in the US

New York FAX: [1] (202) 332-3171

chancery

1600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009

chief of mission

Ambassador Jose Octavio BORDON

consulate(s) general

Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami,

telephone

[1] (202) 238-6400

Executive branch

President Daniel SCIOLI (since 25 May 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

Vice President Daniel SCIOLI (since 25 May 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

2003: Carlos Saul MENEM 24.3%, Nestor KIRCHNER 22%, Ricardo Lopez MURPHY 16.4%, Adolfo Rodriguez SAA 14.4%, Elisa CARRIO 14.2%, other 8.7%; the subsequent runoff election slated for 25 May 2003 was awarded to KIRCHNER by default after MENEM withdrew his candidacy on the eve of the election

by popular vote for four-year terms; the last election held was the presidential primary election of 27 April 2003 (next election to be held NA 2007)

cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the president

chief of state

President Nestor KIRCHNER (since 25 May 2003); Vice

election results

results of the presidential primary of 27 April

elections

president and vice president elected on the same ticket

head of government

President Nestor KIRCHNER (since 25 May 2003);

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of light blue (top), white, and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face known as the Sun of May

Government type

republic

Independence

9 July 1816 (from Spain)

International organization participation

AfDB, Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, FAO, G-6, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NSG, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMOVIC, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (the nine Supreme Court judges are appointed by the president with approval by the Senate)

Legal system

mixture of US and West European legal systems; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch

bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate (72 seats; members are elected by direct vote; presently one-third of the members elected every two years to a six-year term) and the Chamber of Deputies (257 seats; members are elected by direct vote; one-half of the members elected every two years to a four-year term)

seats by bloc or party - PJ 41, UCR 16, provincial parties 15; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - PJ 133, UCR 46, IF 23, ARI 11, Socialist 6, other/provincial parties 38

2nd half of 2003 (next to be held NA 2005); Chamber of Deputies - last held intermittently by province during the 2nd half of 2003 (next to be held NA 2005)

election results

Senate - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA;

elections

Senate - last held intermittently by province during the

National holiday

Revolution Day, 25 May (1810)

Political parties and leaders

Action for the Republic or AR [Domingo CAVALLO]; Alternative for a Republic of Equals or ARI [Elisa CARRIO]; Front for a Country in Solidarity or Frepaso (a four-party coalition) [Dario Pedro ALESSANDRO]; Interbloque Federal or IF (a broad coalition of approximately 12 parties including RECREAR) [leader NA]; Justicialist Party or PJ [leader NA] (Peronist umbrella political organization); Radical Civic Union or UCR [Angel ROZAS]; Federal Recreate Movement or RECREAR [Ricardo LOPEZ MURPHY]; Socialist Party or PS [Ruben GIUSTINIANI]; Union For All [Patricia BULLRICH]; several provincial parties

Political pressure groups and leaders

Argentine Association of Pharmaceutical Labs (CILFA); Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' association); Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association); business organizations; General Confederation of Labor or CGT (Peronist-leaning umbrella labor organization); Central of Argentine Workers or CTA (a radical union for employed and unemployed workers); Peronist-dominated labor movement; Roman Catholic Church; students

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Agriculture - products

sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat; livestock

Budget

(2003 est.)

expenditures

$26 billion, including capital expenditures of NA

revenues

$26.62 billion

Currency

Argentine peso (ARS)

Currency code

ARS

Current account balance

$7.855 billion (2003)

Debt - external

$145.6 billion (2003 est.)

Economic aid - recipient

$10 billion (2001 est.)

Economy - overview

Argentina benefits from rich natural resources, a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Over the past decade, however, the country has suffered recurring economic problems of inflation, external debt, capital flight, and budget deficits. Growth in 2000 was a negative 0.8%, as both domestic and foreign investors remained skeptical of the government's ability to pay debts and maintain the peso's fixed exchange rate with the US dollar. The economic situation worsened in 2001 with the widening of spreads on Argentine bonds, massive withdrawals from the banks, and a further decline in consumer and investor confidence. Government efforts to achieve a "zero deficit," to stabilize the banking system, and to restore economic growth proved inadequate in the face of the mounting economic problems. The peso's peg to the dollar was abandoned in January 2002, and the peso was floated in February; the exchange rate plunged and inflation picked up rapidly, but by mid-2002 the economy had stabilized, albeit at a lower level. Strong demand for the peso compelled the Central Bank to intervene in foreign exchange markets to curb its appreciation in 2003. Led by record exports, the economy began to recover with output up 8% in 2003, unemployment falling, and inflation reduced to under 4% at year-end.

Electricity - consumption

92.12 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - exports

5.662 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - imports

7.417 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - production

97.17 billion kWh (2001)

Exchange rates

Argentine pesos per US dollar - 2.9003 (2003), 3.0633 (2002), 0.9995 (2001), 0.9995 (2000), 0.9995 (1999)

Exports

$29.57 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Exports - commodities

edible oils, fuels and energy, cereals, feed, motor vehicles

Exports - partners

Brazil 15.8%, Chile 12%, US 10.6%, China 8.4%, Spain 4.7% (2003)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP

purchasing power parity - $435.5 billion (2003 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture

11.1%

industry

34.8%

services

54.1% (2003 est.)

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $11,200 (2003 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

8.7% (2003 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

highest 10%

NA

lowest 10%

NA

Imports

$13.27 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal manufactures, plastics

Imports - partners

Brazil 34%, US 16.4%, Germany 5.6%, China 5.2% (2003) Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: $14.16 billion (2003)

Industrial production growth rate

16.2% (2003 est.)

Industries

food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

13.4% (2003)

Investment (gross fixed)

15.1% of GDP (2003)

Labor force

14.92 million (2003)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA

Natural gas - consumption

31.1 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - exports

6.05 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - production

37.15 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

768 billion cu m (1 January 2002)

Oil - consumption

486,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - exports

NA (2001)

Oil - imports

NA (2001)

Oil - production

828,600 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - proved reserves

2.927 billion bbl (1 January 2002)

Population below poverty line

51.7% (May 2003)

Public debt

65.7% of GDP (2003 est.)

Unemployment rate

17.3% (2003)

Internet country code

.ar

Internet hosts

742,358 (2003)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

33 (2000)

Internet users

4.1 million (2002)

Radio broadcast stations

AM 260 (including 10 inactive stations), FM NA (probably more than 1,000, mostly unlicensed), shortwave 6 (1998)

Radios

24.3 million (1997)

Telephone system

competition and foreign investment with the "Telecommunications Liberalization Plan of 1998," Argentina encouraged the growth of modern telecommunication technology; fiber-optic cable trunk lines are being installed between all major cities; the major networks are entirely digital and the availability of telephone service is being improved; however, telephone density is presently minimal, and making telephone service universally available will take time

satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network; more than 110,000 pay telephones are installed and mobile telephone use is rapidly expanding

Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Atlantis II and Unisur submarine cables; two international gateways near Buenos Aires (1999)

domestic

microwave radio relay, fiber-optic cable, and a domestic

general assessment

by opening the telecommunications market to

international

country code - 54; satellite earth stations - 8

Telephones - main lines in use

8,009,400 (2002)

Telephones - mobile cellular

6.5 million (2002)

Television broadcast stations

42 (plus 444 repeaters) (1997)

Televisions

7.95 million (1997)

Airports

1,335 (2003 est.)

Airports - with paved runways

2,438 to 3,047 m: 26 1,524 to 2,437 m: 62 914 to 1,523 m: 44

over 3,047 m

4

total

144

under 914 m

8 (2004 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways

2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 50 914 to 1,523 m: 569

over 3,047 m

2

total

1,190

under 914 m

567 (2004 est.)

Highways

paved

63,348 km (including 734 km of expressways)

total

215,471 km

unpaved

152,123 km (1999)

Merchant marine

refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea/passenger 1, specialized tanker 1

by type

cargo 9, petroleum tanker 9, rail car carrier 1,

foreign-owned

Uruguay 1

registered in other countries

26 (2004 est.)

total

45 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 149,007 GRT/212,620 DWT

Pipelines

gas 27,166 km; liquid petroleum gas 41 km; oil 3,668 km; refined products 2,945 km; unknown (oil/water) 13 km (2004)

Ports and harbors

Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Comodoro Rivadavia, Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Necochea, Rio Gallegos, Rosario, Santa Fe, Ushuaia

Railways

broad gauge

20,594 km 1.676-m gauge (141 km electrified)

narrow gauge

10,375 km 1.000-m gauge; 237 km 0.750-m gauge (2003)

standard gauge

2,885 km 1.435-m gauge (26 km electrified)

total

34,091 km (167 km electrified)

Waterways

11,000 km (2004)

Military branches

Argentine Army, Navy of the Argentine Republic (includes Naval Aviation and Marines), Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Argentina, FAA)

Military expenditures - dollar figure

$4.3 billion (FY99)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP

1.3% (FY00)

Military manpower - availability

males age 15-49

9,901,352 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service

males age 15-49

8,042,304 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - military age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually

males

327,738 (2004 est.)

Disputes - international

UK continues to reject sovereignty talks requested by Argentina, whose constitution still claims UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, but in 1995 ceded the right to settle the dispute by force; Beagle Channel islands dispute resolved through Papal mediation in 1984, but armed incidents persist since 1992 oil discovery; territorial claim in Antarctica partially overlaps UK and Chilean claims (see Antarctic disputes); unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and drug trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations; uncontested dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question

Illicit drugs

used as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for Europe and the US; some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area; domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers is increasing This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005 @Armenia