1983 Edition

Agriculture

main crop, cotton

main products — cereals, oilseed, livestock products; major world exporter of temperate zone foodstuffs

large areas devoted to extensive livestock grazing (20 million sheep, 9.5 million cattle), 1979; main crops — wheat, rice, corn, sorghum; self-sufficient in most basic foodstuffs

Aid

economic — bilateral commitments, ODA and OOF (1970-80) from Western (non-US) countries, $20 million; no military aid

economic commitments — US authorized, including Ex-Im (FY70-82), $76 million; other Western countries, ODA and OOF (1970-81) $82 million; military— US authorized (FY70-82) $39 million

Aircraft

None

Airfields

2 total, 1 usable; 1 with permanentsurface runways; 1 with runways 2,4403,659m

2,017 total, 1,845 usable; 118 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,695 m, 28 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 321 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

113 total, 108 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 16 with runways 1,2202,439 m

Area

176,215 km2; 84% agricultural (73% pasture, 11% crop); 16% forest, urban, waste, and other

Branches

Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police Force

executive (President, Vice President, Cabinet); legislative (National Congress — Senate, Chamber of Deputies); national judiciary

Argentine Army, Navy of the Argentine Republic, Argentine Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Argentine Naval Prefecture, National Aeronautical Police

executive, headed by President; since 1973 the military has had dominant influence in policymaking; bicameral legislature closed indefinitely by presidential decree in June 1973; Council of State set up to act as legislature; legislative elections projected for November 1984; national judiciary headed by court of justice

Army, Navy, Air Force

Budget

(current) revenues, $42 million (1982); expenditures, $40.4 million (1982)

(1981) treasury revenues $7.6 billion; expenditures $13.7 billion at average annual exchange rate.

(1979 est.) revenue, $1,063 million; expenditures, $1,014 million

Capital

Buenos Aires

Montevideo

Civil air

10 major transport aircraft

55 major transport aircraft

24 major transport aircraft

Coastline

660 km People

Communists

some 70,000. members in various party organizations, including a small nucleus of activists

5,000-10,000, including former youth group and sympathizers

Crude steel

2.5 million metric tons produced (1981)

Elections

general elections held 30 October 1983; next congressional elections scheduled for 1985

projected for November 1984 Political parties and leaders: National (Blanco) Party, Wilson Ferreira (proscribed); Colorado Party, Julio Sanguinetti and Enrique Tarigo (antimilitary faction) and Jorge Pacheco Areco (moderate)

Electric power

43,000 kW capacity (1983); 60 million kWh produced (1983), 770 kWh per capita

13,400,000 kW capacity (1983); 39.0 billion kWh produced (1983), 1, 315 kWh per capita

1,250,000 kW capacity (1983); 4.9 billion kWh produced (1983), 1,680 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

85-90% white, 5-10% mestizo, 3-5 black

Exports

$33.6 million (f.o.b., 1981 est); clothing, rum, lobsters

$7.6 billion (f.o.b., 1982); meat, corn, wheat, wool, hides, oilseed

$1.256 billion (f.o.b., 1982); wool, hides, meat, textiles, leather products, fish, rice, furs

Fiscal year

1 April-30 March Communications

calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 462,000 metric tons (1980 est.); exports $130 million (1980 est.)

Freight carried

highways 80% of total cargo traffic, rail 15%, waterways 5%

GDP

$125.6 million (1982 est.), $1,650 per capita

$9.4 billion (1982), $3,201 per capita; 89% consumption, 13% gross investment, -2.0% foreign; real growth rate 1982, -5%

GNP

$130 billion (1981 est.), $4,610 per capita; 80% consumption, 20% investment; real GDP growth rate 1982, -5.7%

Government leader

Lt. Gen. (Ret.)Gregorio Conrado ALVAREZ Armellino, President

Government leaders

Raul ALFONSIN, President; Victor MARTINEZ, Vice President

Highways

380 km total; 240 km main, 140 km secondary

208,100 km total, of which 47,550 km paved, 39,500 km gravel, 101,000 km improved earth, 20,300 km unimproved earth

49,900 km total; 6,700 km paved, 3,000 km gravel, 40,200 km earth

Imports

$139.3 million(c.i.f., 1981 est); fuel, food, machinery

$5.3 billion (c.i.f., 1982); machinery, lubricating oils, iron and steel, intermediate industrial products

$1.038 billion (f.o.b., 1982); crude petroleum (26%), metals, machinery, transportation equipment, industrial chemicals

Inland waterways

11,000 km navigable

1,600 km; used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft

Labor force

1 1.2 million (1982 est); 19% agriculture, 25% manufacturing, 20% services, 1 1 % commerce, 6% transport and communications, 19% other; 6% estimated unemployment (1982 est.)

about 1.28 million (1981); 19% manufacturing; 19% government; 16% agriculture; 12% commerce; 12% utilities, construction, transport, and communications; 22% other services

Land boundaries

1,352 km Water

Language

Spanish

Legal system

mixture of US and West European legal systems; constitution adopted 1853 is in effect; legal education at University of Buenos Aires and other public and private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on Spanish civil law system; most recent constitution implemented 1967 but large portions are currently in suspension and the whole is under study for revision; legal education at University of the Republic at Montevideo; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

200 nm (fishing 200 nm; overflight and navigation permitted beyond 12 nm)

Literacy

94%

94.3%

Major gound units

Defense Force

Major industries

tourism, cotton production

food processing (especially meat packing), motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals, printing, and metallurgy

meat processing, wool and hides, textiles, footwear, leather apparel, tires, cement, fishing, petroleum refining

Major trade partners

30% UK, 25% US, 18% Commonwealth Caribbean countries (1975)

(1981) exports — 22% USSR, 9% Brazil, 9% Netherlands, 9% US, 6% Italy, 6% FRG, 5% Japan and Spain; imports—22% US, 10% Brazil, 10% FRG, 9% Japan, 6% Italy, 2% Chile

exports — 40% LAIA; 25% EC, 12% US, imports— 44% LAIA (18% Brazil, 17% Argentina), 18% EC, 11% US (1981)

Member of

FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB— Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, ISO, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, IWC — International Wheat Council, LAIA, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO, WSG Economy

FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDE— Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, LAIA, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1980, $283.6 million; 16% of central government budget Pacific Ocean ^ SOIOMON "%. ISLANDS Coral Sea \s

Military manpower

males 15-49, 7,455,000; 6,050,000 fit for military service; 247,000 reach military age (20) annually C^/^fJv- ,\ J <A <"*"' INDONE tzCZx-<*f£*>'<?' PAPUA EW GUINEA

males 15-49, 678,000; 551,000 fit for military service; no conscription

Monetary conversion rate

2.70 East Caribbean (EC) dollars=US$l (February 1984)

19.3 pesos argentinos=US$l (30 November 1983); Argentina redenominated its currency 1 June 1983, 10,000 pesos=l pesos argentine

46.55 pesos= US$1 (February 1984)

National holiday

Independence Day, 25 May

Independence Day, 25 August

Nationality

noun — Uruguayan(s); adjective — Uruguayan

Official name

Argentine Republic

Oriental Republic of Uruguay

Organized labor

25% of labor force (est.) Government

government authorized non-Communist union activities in 1981 for the first time since 1973 military takeover Government

Other political or pressure groups

Peronistdominated labor movement, General Economic Confederation (Peronist-leaning association of small businessmen), Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' association), Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association), business organizations, students, and the Catholic Church

Democratic Convergence, a proscribed leftist alliance; Christian Democratic Party (PDC); Communist Party (PCU), proscribed in 1973; Socialist Party of Uruguay (PSU), proscribed in 1973; National Liberation Movement (MLN) — Tupamaros, leftist revolutionary terrorist group, proscribed and now virtually annihilated

Pipelines

4,090 km crude oil; 2,200 km refined products; 9,918 km natural gas

Political parties

operate under statute passed in 1983 that sets out criteria for participation in national elections; Radical Civic Union (UCR) — moderately left of center; Justicialist Party (JP) — Peronist umbrella political organization; Movement for Industrial Development (MID); Intransigent Party (PI); several provincial parties

Political subdivisions

22 provinces, 1 district (Federal Capital), and 1 territory

19 departments with limited autonomy

Population

2,926,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 0.3%

Ports

1 major (St. Johns), 1 minor

1 major, 21 minor

1 major (Montevideo), 9 minor

Railroads

80.4 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge, employed almost exclusively for handling cane

39,738 km total; 3,086 km 1.435meter standard gauge, 22,788 km 1.676meter broad gauge, 13,461 km 1.000-meter gauge, 403 km 0.750-meter gauge; of total in country, 260 km are electrified

2,795 km, all 1.435-meter standard gauge (1.435 m) and government owned

Religion

66% Roman Catholic (less than half adult population attends church regularly); 2% Protestant; 2% Jewish; 30% nonprofessing or other

Steel

rolled products 43,398 metric tons produced (1978)

Suffrage

universal over age 18

Telecommunications

automatic telephone system; 6,700 telephones (9.2 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter links with Saba and Guadeloupe; 5 AM and 2 FM stations; 1 TV station; 1 coaxial submarine cable; about 19,000 radio and 16,000 television receivers (1982) Defense Forces

extensive modern system; telephone network has 2.88 million sets (10.3 per 100 popl.), radio relay widely used; 2 satellite stations with 3 Atlantic Ocean antennas; 154 AM, 45 FM, and 191 TV stations Australia Defense Forces

most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide radio-relay network 287,100 telephones (9.9 per 100 popl.); 82 AM, 4 FM, and 22 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces

Type

republic; changed from military to civilian government in December 1983

republic, government under military control

Voting strength

(1971 elections) 40.8% Colorado, 40.1% Blanco, 18.6% Frente Amplio, 0.5% Radical Christian Union Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides)