2017 Edition

Background

Angola scores low on human development indexes despite using its large oil reserves to rebuild since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again in 1993. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS pushed through a new constitution in 2010 and was elected to a five year term as president in 2012.

Area

1,246,700 sq km 1,246,700 sq km 0 sq km

land

1,246,700 sq km

total

1,246,700 sq km

water

0 sq km

Area - comparative

about eight times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Climate

semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

Coastline

1,600 km

Elevation

1,112 m lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Moca 2,620 m

elevation extremes

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point

Moca 2,620 m

mean elevation

1,112 m

Environment - current issues

overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution none of the selected agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

12 30 S, 18 30 E

Geography - note

the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Irrigated land

860 sq km (2014)

Land boundaries

5,369 km Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,646 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 231 km, Namibia 1,427 km, Zambia 1,065 km

border countries (4)

Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,646 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 231 km, Namibia 1,427 km, Zambia 1,065 km

total

5,369 km

Land use

47.5% arable land 8.3%; permanent crops 0.5%; permanent pasture 91.23% 46.5% 6% (2014 est.)

agricultural land

47.5%

forest

46.5%

other

6% (2014 est.)

Location

Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

12 nm 24 nm 200 nm

contiguous zone

24 nm

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

Natural resources

petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

Population - distribution

most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly Luanda

Terrain

narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Age structure

48.12% (male 7,005,891/female 7,097,392) 18.25% (male 2,593,355/female 2,756,367) 28.03% (male 3,921,046/female 4,293,307) 3.26% (male 438,268/female 517,690) 2.34% (male 290,247/female 396,710) (2017 est.)

0-14 years

48.12% (male 7,005,891/female 7,097,392)

15-24 years

18.25% (male 2,593,355/female 2,756,367)

25-54 years

28.03% (male 3,921,046/female 4,293,307)

55-64 years

3.26% (male 438,268/female 517,690)

65 years and over

2.34% (male 290,247/female 396,710) (2017 est.)

Birth rate

44.2 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

19% (2016)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

13.7% (2015/16)

Death rate

9.2 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Demographic profile

More than a decade after the end of Angola’s 27-year civil war, the country still faces a variety of socioeconomic problems, including poverty, high maternal and child mortality, and illiteracy. Despite the country’s rapid post-war economic growth based on oil production, more than 40 percent of Angolans live below the poverty line and unemployment is widespread, especially among the large young-adult population. Only about 70% of the population is literate, and the rate drops to around 60% for women. The youthful population – about 45% are under the age of 15 – is expected to continue growing rapidly with a fertility rate of more 5 children per woman and a low rate of contraceptive use. Fewer than half of women deliver their babies with the assistance of trained health care personnel, which contributes to Angola’s high maternal mortality rate. Of the estimated 550,000 Angolans who fled their homeland during its civil war, most have returned home since 2002. In 2012, the UN assessed that conditions in Angola had been stable for several years and invoked a cessation of refugee status for Angolans. Following the cessation clause, some of those still in exile returned home voluntarily through UN repatriation programs, and others integrated into host countries.

Dependency ratios

97.6 4.6 21.9 (2015 est.)

elderly dependency ratio

4.6

potential support ratio

21.9 (2015 est.)

total dependency ratio

97.6

youth dependency ratio

93

Drinking water source

urban: 75.4% of population rural: 28.2% of population total: 49% of population urban: 24.6% of population rural: 71.8% of population total: 51% of population (2015 est.)

rural

71.8% of population

total

51% of population (2015 est.)

urban

24.6% of population

Education expenditures

3.5% of GDP (2010)

Ethnic groups

Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%

Health expenditures

3.3% of GDP (2014)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

1.9% (2016 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

11,000 (2016 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

280,000 (2016 est.)

Infant mortality rate

67.6 deaths/1,000 live births 73.3 deaths/1,000 live births 61.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

female

61.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

male

73.3 deaths/1,000 live births

total

67.6 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6% most widely spoken languages; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census (2014 est.)

note

most widely spoken languages; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census (2014 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

60.2 years 58.2 years 62.3 years (2017 est.)

female

62.3 years (2017 est.)

male

58.2 years

total population

60.2 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 71.1% 82% 60.7% (2015 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

60.7% (2015 est.)

male

82%

total population

71.1%

Major infectious diseases

very high bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever dengue fever, malaria schistosomiasis rabies (2016)

animal contact disease

rabies (2016)

degree of risk

very high

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases

dengue fever, malaria

water contact disease

schistosomiasis

Major urban areas - population

LUANDA (capital) 5.506 million; Huambo 1.269 million (2015)

Maternal mortality ratio

477 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median age

15.9 years 15.4 years 16.3 years (2017 est.)

female

16.3 years (2017 est.)

male

15.4 years

total

15.9 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

19.4 years median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2015/16 est.)

note

median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2015/16 est.)

Nationality

Angolan(s) Angolan

adjective

Angolan

noun

Angolan(s)

Net migration rate

0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

8.2% (2016)

Physicians density

0.14 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Population

29,310,273 results from Angola's 2014 national census estimate the country's population to be 25.8 million (July 2017 est.)

note

results from Angola's 2014 national census estimate the country's population to be 25.8 million (July 2017 est.)

Population distribution

most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly Luanda

Population growth rate

3.52% (2017 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 41.1%, Protestant 38.1%, other 8.6%, none 12.3% (2014 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 88.6% of population rural: 22.5% of population total: 51.6% of population urban: 11.4% of population rural: 77.5% of population total: 48.4% of population (2015 est.)

rural

77.5% of population

total

48.4% of population (2015 est.)

urban

11.4% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

10 years 13 years 8 years (2011)

female

8 years (2011)

male

13 years

total

10 years

Sex ratio

1.05 male(s)/female 1.04 male(s)/female 1.04 male(s)/female 1.02 male(s)/female 0.94 male(s)/female 0.86 male(s)/female 1.02 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

0-14 years

1.04 male(s)/female

15-24 years

1.04 male(s)/female

25-54 years

1.02 male(s)/female

55-64 years

0.94 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.86 male(s)/female

at birth

1.05 male(s)/female

total population

1.02 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

6.16 children born/woman (2017 est.)

Urbanization

45.6% of total population (2017) 4.6% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

rate of urbanization

4.6% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

urban population

45.6% of total population (2017)

Administrative divisions

18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Kwando Kubango, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

Capital

Luanda 8 50 S, 13 13 E UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

geographic coordinates

8 50 S, 13 13 E

name

Luanda

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

no at least one parent must be a citizen of Angola no 10 years

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Angola

dual citizenship recognized

no

residency requirement for naturalization

10 years

Constitution

previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010 proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one-third of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly subject to prior Constitutional Court review if requested by the president of the republic

amendments

proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one-third of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly subject to prior Constitutional Court review if requested by the president of the republic

history

previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010

Country name

Republic of Angola Angola Republica de Angola Angola People's Republic of Angola name derived by the Portuguese from the title "ngola" held by kings of the Ndongo (Ndongo was a kingdom in what is now northern Angola)

conventional long form

Republic of Angola

conventional short form

Angola

etymology

name derived by the Portuguese from the title "ngola" held by kings of the Ndongo (Ndongo was a kingdom in what is now northern Angola)

former

People's Republic of Angola

local long form

Republica de Angola

local short form

Angola

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador Helen Meagher LA LIME (15 May 2014) number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda, C.P. 6468 international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550 [244] 946440977 [244] (222) 64-1000

chief of mission

Ambassador Helen Meagher LA LIME (15 May 2014)

embassy

number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda, C.P. 6468

FAX

[244] (222) 64-1000

mailing address

international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550

telephone

[244] 946440977

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Agostinho Tavares da Silva NETO (since 18 November 2014) 2100-2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 [1] (202) 785-1156 [1] (202) 822-9049 Houston, Los Angeles, New York

chancery

2100-2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

chief of mission

Ambassador Agostinho Tavares da Silva NETO (since 18 November 2014)

consulate(s) general

Houston, Los Angeles, New York

FAX

[1] (202) 822-9049

telephone

[1] (202) 785-1156

Executive branch

President Joao Manuel LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 26 September 2017); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government President Joao Manuel LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 26 September 2017) Council of Ministers appointed by the president president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term); last held on 23 August 2017 (next to be held in 2022) Joao Manuel LOURENCO (MPLA) elected president by the National Assembly

cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president

chief of state

President Joao Manuel LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 26 September 2017); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

election results

Joao Manuel LOURENCO (MPLA) elected president by the National Assembly

elections/appointments

president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term); last held on 23 August 2017 (next to be held in 2022)

head of government

President Joao Manuel LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 26 September 2017)

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a 5-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty; black the African continent; the symbols characterize workers and peasants

Government type

presidential republic

Independence

11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPEC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 judges) Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body chaired by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms provincial and municipal courts

highest court(s)

Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 judges)

judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body chaired by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms

subordinate courts

provincial and municipal courts

Legal system

civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency and in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) last held on 23 August 2017 (next to be held in August 2022) percent of vote by party - MPLA 61.1%, UNITA 26.7%, CASA-CE 9.5%, PRS 1.4%, FNLA .9%, other 0.5%; seats by party - MPLA 150, UNITA 51, CASA-CE 16, PRS 2, FNLA 1

description

unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency and in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)

election results

percent of vote by party - MPLA 61.1%, UNITA 26.7%, CASA-CE 9.5%, PRS 1.4%, FNLA .9%, other 0.5%; seats by party - MPLA 150, UNITA 51, CASA-CE 16, PRS 2, FNLA 1

elections

last held on 23 August 2017 (next to be held in August 2022)

National anthem

"Angola Avante" (Forward Angola) Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO adopted 1975

lyrics/music

Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO

name

"Angola Avante" (Forward Angola)

note

adopted 1975

National holiday

Independence Day, 11 November (1975)

National symbol(s)

Palanca Negra Gigante (giant black sable antelope); national colors: red, black, yellow

Palanca Negra Gigante (giant black sable antelope); national colors

red, black, yellow

Political parties and leaders

Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Abel CHIVUKUVUKU] National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA; note - party has two factions; one led by Lucas NGONDA; the other by Ngola KABANGU National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party) Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975) Social Renewal Party or PRS [Benedito DANIEL]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Angolan Revolutionary Movement or ARM Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda - Armed Forces of Cabinda or FLEC-FAC [Emmanuel NZITA] FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with the government in August 2006; several factions of FLEC have broken off over the past 30 years, including the FLEC-PM [Rodrigues MINGAS], which was responsible for a deadly attack on the Togolese national soccer team in 2010

note

FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with the government in August 2006; several factions of FLEC have broken off over the past 30 years, including the FLEC-PM [Rodrigues MINGAS], which was responsible for a deadly attack on the Togolese national soccer team in 2010

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, cassava (manioc, tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish

Budget

$28.61 billion $34.56 billion (2016 est.)

expenditures

$34.56 billion (2016 est.)

revenues

$28.61 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-6.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Central bank discount rate

9% (31 December 2014) 25% (31 December 2010)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

15.71% (31 December 2016 est.) 16.88% (31 December 2015 est.)

Current account balance

$-4.904 billion (2016 est.) $-10.27 billion (2015 est.)

Debt - external

$27.14 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $27.99 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Economy - overview

Angola's economy is overwhelmingly driven by its oil sector. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 50% of GDP, more than 70% of government revenue, and more than 90% of the country's exports. Diamonds contribute an additional 5% to exports. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Some of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. However, the government since 2005 has used billions of dollars in credit from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to help rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, and as a result, the national military, international partners, and private Angolan firms all continue to remove them. The global recession that started in 2008 stalled Angola’s economic growth. In particular, lower prices for oil and diamonds slowed GDP growth to 2.4% in 2009, and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell. Angola formally abandoned its currency peg in 2009, and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of $1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to less than 9% in 2014, before rising again in 2015-16. Falling oil prices, the depreciation of the kwanza, and slower than expected growth in non-oil GDP have reduced growth prospects. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, is a major long-term challenge that poses an additional threat to the economy. Government spending in the run-up to the 2017 elections is likely to strain Luanda’s budget.

Exchange rates

kwanza (AOA) per US dollar - 172 (2016 est.) 120.06 (2015 est.) 120.06 (2014 est.) 98.3 (2013 est.) 95.47 (2012 est.)

Exports

$31.03 billion (2016 est.) $33.18 billion (2015 est.)

Exports - commodities

crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton

Exports - partners

China 53.7%, India 7.6%, US 5.6%, South Africa 5.3%, France 4.4% (2016)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

76.9% 15.4% 9.9% -2.6% 33% -32.7% (2016 est.)

exports of goods and services

33%

government consumption

15.4%

household consumption

76.9%

imports of goods and services

-32.7% (2016 est.)

investment in fixed capital

9.9%

investment in inventories

-2.6%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

10.2% 61.4% 28.4% (2011 est.)

agriculture

10.2%

industry

61.4%

services

28.4% (2011 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$6,800 (2016 est.) $7,000 (2015 est.) $7,000 (2014 est.) data are in 2016 dollars

note

data are in 2016 dollars

GDP - real growth rate

-0.7% (2016 est.) 3% (2015 est.) 4.8% (2014 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$95.34 billion (2016 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$186 billion (2016 est.) $184.9 billion (2015 est.) $177.5 billion (2014 est.) data are in 2016 dollars

note

data are in 2016 dollars

Gross national saving

3.3% of GDP (2016 est.) -0.4% of GDP (2015 est.) 12.4% of GDP (2014 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

0.6% 44.7% (2000)

highest 10%

44.7% (2000)

lowest 10%

0.6%

Imports

$19.25 billion (2016 est.) $20.69 billion (2015 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods

Imports - partners

Portugal 15.9%, US 12.5%, China 12.2%, South Africa 6.8%, Belgium 6.3%, Brazil 5.5%, UK 4.3% (2016)

Industrial production growth rate

0.5% (2016 est.)

Industries

petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

32.4% (2016 est.) 10.3% (2015 est.)

Labor force

12.1 million (2016 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

85% 15% (2003 est.)

agriculture

85%

industry and services

15% (2003 est.)

Population below poverty line

40.5% (2006 est.)

Public debt

77.2% of GDP (2016 est.) 64.2% of GDP (2015 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$23.74 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $23.79 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Stock of broad money

$39.28 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $42.15 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$23.02 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $22.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$9.16 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $3.126 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$14.25 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $17.18 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$23.17 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $25.27 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

29.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Unemployment rate

NA%

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

33 million Mt (2013 est.)

Crude oil - exports

1.7 million bbl/day (2014 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2014 est.)

Crude oil - production

1.77 million bbl/day (2016 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

8.273 billion bbl (1 January 2017 es)

Electricity - consumption

8.338 billion kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

45.2% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

54% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0.9% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

1.704 million kW (2015 est.)

Electricity - production

9.438 billion kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity access

15,000,000 30% 46% 18% (2013)

electrification - rural areas

18% (2013)

electrification - total population

30%

electrification - urban areas

46%

population without electricity

15,000,000

Natural gas - consumption

1.094 billion cu m (2015 est.)

Natural gas - exports

500 million cu m (2014 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2013 est.)

Natural gas - production

773 million cu m (2015 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

308.1 billion cu m (1 January 2017 es)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

142,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

23,980 bbl/day (2014 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

118,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

46,680 bbl/day (2014 est.)

Broadcast media

state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half-dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2009)

Internet country code

.ao

Internet users

2,622,403 13.0% (July 2016 est.)

percent of population

13.0% (July 2016 est.)

total

2,622,403

Telephone system

limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to five; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001 only about one fixed line per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 64 telephones per 100 persons in 2016 country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2016)

domestic

only about one fixed line per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 64 telephones per 100 persons in 2016

general assessment

limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to five; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001

international

country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2016)

Telephones - fixed lines

304,493 2 (July 2016 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

2 (July 2016 est.)

total subscriptions

304,493

Telephones - mobile cellular

13,001,124 64 (July 2016 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

64 (July 2016 est.)

total

13,001,124

Airports

176 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

4 (2017)

1,524 to 2,437 m

12

2,438 to 3,047 m

8

914 to 1,523 m

4 (2017)

over 3,047 m

7

total

31

Airports - with unpaved runways

43 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

31

2,438 to 3,047 m

3

914 to 1,523 m

66

over 3,047 m

2

total

145

under 914 m

43 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

D2 (2016)

Heliports

1 (2013)

Merchant marine

general cargo 14, oil tanker 9, other 32 (2017)

by type

general cargo 14, oil tanker 9, other 32 (2017)

total

55

National air transport system

1,244,491 46.043 million mt-km (2015)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers

46.043 million mt-km (2015)

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers

1,244,491

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers

55

number of registered air carriers

10

Pipelines

gas 352 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; oil 1,065 km; oil/gas/water 5 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe Angola Soyo

LNG terminal(s) (export)

Angola Soyo

major seaport(s)

Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe

Railways

2,852 km 2,729 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2014)

narrow gauge

2,729 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2014)

total

2,852 km

Roadways

51,429 km 5,349 km 46,080 km (2001)

paved

5,349 km

total

51,429 km

unpaved

46,080 km (2001)

Waterways

1,300 km (2011)

Military branches

Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army) (2012)

Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA)

Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army) (2012)

Military expenditures

2.95% of GDP (2016) 3.52% of GDP (2015) 5.4% of GDP (2014) 4.88% of GDP (2013) 3.59% of GDP (2012)

Military service age and obligation

20-45 years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; 2-year conscript service obligation; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy (MGA) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2013)

Disputes - international

Democratic Republic of Congo accuses Angola of shifting monuments

Illicit drugs

used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa

Refugees and internally displaced persons

48,000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2017)

refugees (country of origin)

48,000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2017)