2013 Edition

Background

Angola is still rebuilding its country since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again in 1993. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS pushed through a new constitution in 2010; elections held in 2012 saw him installed as president.

Area

1,246,700 sq km 1,246,700 sq km 0 sq km

total

1,246,700 sq km

water

0 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Climate

semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

Coastline

1,600 km

Elevation extremes

Atlantic Ocean 0 m Morro de Moco 2,620 m

highest point

Morro de Moco 2,620 m

lowest point

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Environment - current issues

overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution none of the selected agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

0.71 cu km/yr (45%/34%/21%) 40.27 cu m/yr (2005)

per capita

40.27 cu m/yr (2005)

total

0.71 cu km/yr (45%/34%/21%)

Geographic coordinates

12 30 S, 18 30 E

Geography - note

the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Irrigated land

855.3 sq km (2005)

Land boundaries

5,198 km Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

border countries

Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

total

5,198 km

Land use

3.29% 0.23% 96.48% (2011)

arable land

3.29%

other

96.48% (2011)

permanent crops

0.23%

Location

Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

12 nm 24 nm 200 nm

contiguous zone

24 nm

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

Natural resources

petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

Terrain

narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Total renewable water resources

148 cu km (2011)

Age structure

43.5% (male 4,121,500/female 3,961,484) 20.3% (male 1,922,114/female 1,855,689) 29.2% (male 2,734,128/female 2,692,449) 4% (male 358,337/female 378,231) 2.9% (male 250,388/female 290,949) (2013 est.)

0-14 years

43.5% (male 4,121,500/female 3,961,484)

15-24 years

20.3% (male 1,922,114/female 1,855,689)

25-54 years

29.2% (male 2,734,128/female 2,692,449)

55-64 years

4% (male 358,337/female 378,231)

65 years and over

2.9% (male 250,388/female 290,949) (2013 est.)

Birth rate

39.16 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)

Child labor - children ages 5-14

832,895 24 % (2001 est.)

percentage

24 % (2001 est.)

total number

832,895

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

15.6% (2007)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

17.7% (2009)

Death rate

11.86 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)

Dependency ratios

99.6 % 94.8 % 4.8 % 20.9 (2013)

elderly dependency ratio

4.8 %

potential support ratio

20.9 (2013)

total dependency ratio

99.6 %

youth dependency ratio

94.8 %

Drinking water source

urban: 60% of population rural: 38% of population total: 51% of population urban: 40% of population rural: 62% of population total: 49% of population (2010 est.)

rural

62% of population

total

49% of population (2010 est.)

urban

40% of population

Education expenditures

3.5% of GDP (2010)

Ethnic groups

Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%

Health expenditures

3.5% of GDP (2011)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

2% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

11,000 (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

200,000 (2009 est.)

Hospital bed density

0.8 beds/1,000 population (2005)

Infant mortality rate

81.75 deaths/1,000 live births 85.56 deaths/1,000 live births 77.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)

female

77.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)

total

81.75 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages

Life expectancy at birth

54.95 years 53.83 years 56.11 years (2013 est.)

female

56.11 years (2013 est.)

total population

54.95 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 70.4% 82.6% 58.6% (2011 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

58.6% (2011 est.)

male

82.6%

total population

70.4%

Major infectious diseases

very high bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever dengue fever, malaria schistosomiasis rabies (2013)

animal contact disease

rabies (2013)

degree of risk

very high

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases

dengue fever, malaria

water contact disease

schistosomiasis

Major urban areas - population

LUANDA (capital) 5.068 million; Huambo 979,000 (2011)

Maternal mortality rate

450 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Median age

17.7 years 17.5 years 17.9 years (2013 est.)

female

17.9 years (2013 est.)

male

17.5 years

total

17.7 years

Nationality

Angolan(s) Angolan

adjective

Angolan

noun

Angolan(s)

Net migration rate

0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

6.4% (2008)

Physicians density

0.17 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Population

18,565,269 (July 2013 est.)

Population growth rate

2.78% (2013 est.)

Religions

indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 85% of population rural: 19% of population total: 58% of population urban: 15% of population rural: 81% of population total: 42% of population (2010 est.)

rural

81% of population

total

42% of population (2010 est.)

urban

15% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

10 years (2010)

total

10 years (2010)

Sex ratio

1.05 male(s)/female 1.04 male(s)/female 1.04 male(s)/female 1.02 male(s)/female 0.95 male(s)/female 0.86 male(s)/female 1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

0-14 years

1.04 male(s)/female

15-24 years

1.04 male(s)/female

25-54 years

1.02 male(s)/female

55-64 years

0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.86 male(s)/female

at birth

1.05 male(s)/female

total population

1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Total fertility rate

5.49 children born/woman (2013 est.)

Urbanization

59.2% of total population (2011) 3.97% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

3.97% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

59.2% of total population (2011)

Administrative divisions

18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Kwando Kubango, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

Capital

Luanda 8 50 S, 13 13 E UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

geographic coordinates

8 50 S, 13 13 E

name

Luanda

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

previous 1975, 1992; latest adopted 5 February 2010 (2013)

Country name

Republic of Angola Angola Republica de Angola Angola People's Republic of Angola

conventional long form

Republic of Angola

conventional short form

Angola

former

People's Republic of Angola

local long form

Republica de Angola

local short form

Angola

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Heather C. Merritt number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550 [244] (222) 64-1000 [244] (222) 64-1232

chief of mission

Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Heather C. Merritt

embassy

number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda

FAX

[244] (222) 64-1232

mailing address

international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550

telephone

[244] (222) 64-1000

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Alberto do Carmo BENTO RIBEIRO (since 1 September 2011) 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 [1] (202) 785-1156 [1] (202) 785-1258 Houston, New York

chancery

2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

chief of mission

Ambassador Alberto do Carmo BENTO RIBEIRO (since 1 September 2011)

consulate(s) general

Houston, New York

FAX

[1] (202) 785-1258

telephone

[1] (202) 785-1156

Executive branch

President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012) Council of Ministers appointed by the president president indirectly elected by National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) under the 2010 constitution; note - according to the 2010 constitution, ballots are cast for parties rather than candidates, the leader of the party with the most votes becomes president; following the results of the 2012 legislative elections DOS SANTOS became president (eligible for a second term) NA; as leader of the MPLA, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS became pesident following legislative elections on 31 August 2012; DOS SANTOS was inaugurated on 26 September 2012 to serve the first of a possible two terms under the 2010 constitution

cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president

chief of state

President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

election results

NA; as leader of the MPLA, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS became pesident following legislative elections on 31 August 2012; DOS SANTOS was inaugurated on 26 September 2012 to serve the first of a possible two terms under the 2010 constitution

elections

president indirectly elected by National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) under the 2010 constitution; note - according to the 2010 constitution, ballots are cast for parties rather than candidates, the leader of the party with the most votes becomes president; following the results of the 2012 legislative elections DOS SANTOS became president (eligible for a second term)

head of government

President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012)

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants

Government type

republic; multiparty presidential regime

Independence

11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPEC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (consists of the chief justice and NA judges; Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 members) Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body presided over by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms provincial and municipal courts

highest court(s)

Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (consists of the chief justice and NA judges; Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 members)

judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body presided over by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms

subordinate courts

provincial and municipal courts

Legal system

civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve five-year terms) last held on 31 August 2012 (next to be held in 2017) percent of vote by party - MPLA 71.8%, UNITA 18.7%, CASA-CE 6.0%, PRS 1.7%, FNLA 1.1%, other 0.7%; seats by party - MPLA 175, UNITA 32, CASA-CE 8, PRS 3, FNLA 2

election results

percent of vote by party - MPLA 71.8%, UNITA 18.7%, CASA-CE 6.0%, PRS 1.7%, FNLA 1.1%, other 0.7%; seats by party - MPLA 175, UNITA 32, CASA-CE 8, PRS 3, FNLA 2

elections

last held on 31 August 2012 (next to be held in 2017)

National anthem

"Angola Avante" (Forward Angola) Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO adopted 1975

lyrics/music

Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO

name

"Angola Avante" (Forward Angola)

National holiday

Independence Day, 11 November (1975)

National symbol(s)

Palanca Negra Gigante (giant black sable antelope)

Political parties and leaders

Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Abel CHIVUKUVUKU] National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [Lucas NGONDA] National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party) Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975) Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA] 4 other parties qualified to participate in the national election in August 2012

Political pressure groups and leaders

Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO] FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with the government in August 2006; Several factions of FLEC have broken off over the past 30 years, including the FLEC-PM [Rodrigues Mingas], which was responsible for a deadly attack on the Togolese soccer team in 2010

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, cassava (manioc), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish

Budget

$51.24 billion $44.23 billion (2012 est.)

expenditures

$44.23 billion (2012 est.)

revenues

$51.24 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

6.2% of GDP (2012 est.)

Central bank discount rate

25% (31 December 2010 est.) 30% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

16.81% (31 December 2012 est.) 18.76% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

$13.85 billion (2012 est.) $13.08 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$21.85 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $21.12 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Economy - overview

Angola's high growth rate in recent years was driven by high international prices for its oil. Angola became a member of OPEC in late 2006 and its current assigned a production quota of 1.65 million barrels a day (bbl/day). Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 85% of GDP. Diamond exports contribute an additional 5%. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Much of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, even though peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002. Since 2005, the government has used billions of dollars in credit lines from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. The global recession that started in 2008 temporarily stalled economic growth. Lower prices for oil and diamonds during the global recession slowed GDP growth to 2.4% in 2009, and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell in 2008 and 2009. Angola abandoned its currency peg in 2009, and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of $1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to about 10% in 2012. Higher oil prices have helped Angola turn a budget deficit of 8.6% of GDP in 2009 into an surplus of 12% of GDP in 2012. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, also is a major challenge.

Exchange rates

kwanza (AOA) per US dollar - 95.47 (2012 est.) 93.94 (2011 est.) 91.91 (2010 est.) 79.33 (2009) 75.02 (2008)

Exports

$71.09 billion (2012 est.) $67.31 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton

Exports - partners

China 46.3%, US 13.9%, India 10.1%, South Africa 4.2% (2012)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

48.7% 20.3% 11.7% 0% 62.6% -43.3% (2012 est.)

exports of goods and services

62.6%

government consumption

20.3%

household consumption

48.7%

imports of goods and services

-43.3%

investment in fixed capital

11.7%

investment in inventories

0%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

10.2% 61.4% 28.4% (2011 est.)

agriculture

10.2%

industry

61.4%

services

28.4% (2011 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$6,100 (2012 est.) $6,000 (2011 est.) $5,900 (2010 est.) data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

5.2% (2012 est.) 3.9% (2011 est.) 3.4% (2010 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$113.7 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$123.1 billion (2012 est.) $117.1 billion (2011 est.) $112.6 billion (2010 est.) data are in 2012 US dollars

Gross national saving

23.8% of GDP (2012 est.) 24% of GDP (2011 est.) 21.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

0.6% 44.7% (2000)

highest 10%

44.7% (2000)

lowest 10%

0.6%

Imports

$23.72 billion (2012 est.) $20.23 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods

Imports - partners

China 20.9%, Portugal 19.5%, US 7.7%, South Africa 7.1%, Brazil 5.9% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate

8% (2012 est.)

Industries

petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

10.3% (2012 est.) 13.5% (2011 est.)

Labor force

8.745 million (2012 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

85% 15% (2003 est.)

agriculture

85%

industry and services

15% (2003 est.)

Population below poverty line

40.5% (2006 est.)

Public debt

17.2% of GDP (2012 est.) 18.4% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$33.41 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $28.79 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$44.65 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $36.55 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$9.877 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $7.136 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$17.15 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $12.15 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$20.45 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $18.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$13.31 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $12.19 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

45.1% of GDP (2012 est.)

Unemployment rate

NA%

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

26.97 million Mt (2011 est.)

Crude oil - exports

1.928 million bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - production

1.872 million bbl/day (2012 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

10.47 billion bbl (1 January 2013 es)

Electricity - consumption

4.592 billion kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

56.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

43.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

1.155 million kW (2010 est.)

Electricity - production

5.118 billion kWh (2010 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

733 million cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - production

752 million cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

366 billion cu m (1 January 2013 es)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

79,430 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

17,750 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

55,740 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

38,760 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Broadcast media

state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)

Internet country code

.ao

Internet hosts

20,703 (2012)

Internet users

606,700 (2009)

Telephone system

limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001 only about two fixed-lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 50 telephones per 100 persons in 2011 country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2009)

domestic

only about two fixed-lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 50 telephones per 100 persons in 2011

general assessment

limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001

international

country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2009)

Telephones - main lines in use

303,000 (2012)

Telephones - mobile cellular

9.8 million (2012)

Airports

176 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

4 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

12

2,438 to 3,047 m

8

914 to 1,523 m

4 (2013)

over 3,047 m

7

total

31

Airports - with unpaved runways

43 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

31

2,438 to 3,047 m

3

914 to 1,523 m

66

over 3,047 m

2

total

145

Heliports

1 (2013)

Merchant marine

cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1 1 (Spain 1) 17 (Bahamas 6, Curacao 2, Cyprus 1, Liberia 1, Malta 7) (2010)

foreign-owned

1 (Spain 1)

registered in other countries

17 (Bahamas 6, Curacao 2, Cyprus 1, Liberia 1, Malta 7) (2010)

total

7

Pipelines

gas 352 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; oil 1,065 km; oil/gas/water 5 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe

major seaport(s)

Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe

Railways

2,764 km 2,641 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2008)

total

2,764 km

Roadways

51,429 km 5,349 km 46,080 km (2001)

total

51,429 km

unpaved

46,080 km (2001)

Waterways

1,300 km (2011)

Manpower available for military service

3,062,438 2,964,262 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

2,964,262 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

3,062,438

Manpower fit for military service

1,546,781 1,492,308 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

1,492,308 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

1,546,781

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

155,476 152,054 (2010 est.)

female

152,054 (2010 est.)

male

155,476

Military branches

Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army) (2012)

Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA)

Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army) (2012)

Military expenditures

3% of GDP (2012)

Military service age and obligation

20-45 years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; conscript service obligation - 2 years; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy (MGA) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2013)

Disputes - international

Democratic Republic of Congo accuses Angola of shifting monuments

Illicit drugs

used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa

Refugees and internally displaced persons

20,740 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2012) 19,500 (27-year civil war ending in 2002) (2005)

IDPs

19,500 (27-year civil war ending in 2002) (2005)

refugees (country of origin)

20,740 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2012)

Trafficking in persons

Angola is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor in agriculture, construction, domestic service, and diamond mines; some Angolan girls are forced into domestic prostitution, while some Angolan boys are taken to Namibia as forced laborers or are forced to be cross-border couriers; women and children are also forced into domestic service in South Africa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, and European countries; Vietnamese, Brazilian, and Chinese women are trafficked to Angola for prostitution, while Chinese, Southeast Asian, Namibian, and possibly Congolese migrants are subjected to forced labor in Angola's construction industry Tier 2 Watch List - Angola does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; authorities opened one internal labor trafficking investigation but have not initiated the prosecution of any trafficking offenders, has never convicted a trafficking offender, and does not have a law specifically prohibiting all forms of trafficking; the government has not adopted amendments to the penal code reflecting the 2010 constitutional provision prohibiting human trafficking and has not finalized draft anti-trafficking legislation; the government has made minimal efforts to protect trafficking victims but continues to lack a systematic process for identifying trafficking victims and providing legal remedies to victims (2013)

current situation

Angola is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor in agriculture, construction, domestic service, and diamond mines; some Angolan girls are forced into domestic prostitution, while some Angolan boys are taken to Namibia as forced laborers or are forced to be cross-border couriers; women and children are also forced into domestic service in South Africa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, and European countries; Vietnamese, Brazilian, and Chinese women are trafficked to Angola for prostitution, while Chinese, Southeast Asian, Namibian, and possibly Congolese migrants are subjected to forced labor in Angola's construction industry

tier rating

Tier 2 Watch List - Angola does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; authorities opened one internal labor trafficking investigation but have not initiated the prosecution of any trafficking offenders, has never convicted a trafficking offender, and does not have a law specifically prohibiting all forms of trafficking; the government has not adopted amendments to the penal code reflecting the 2010 constitutional provision prohibiting human trafficking and has not finalized draft anti-trafficking legislation; the government has made minimal efforts to protect trafficking victims but continues to lack a systematic process for identifying trafficking victims and providing legal remedies to victims (2013)