2011 Edition

Background

Angola is rebuilding its country after the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again by 1996. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - in the quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and strengthened the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS held legislative elections in September 2008 and, despite promising to hold presidential elections in 2009, has since pushed through a new constitution that calls for elections in 2012.

Area

1,246,700 sq km 1,246,700 sq km 0 sq km

total

1,246,700 sq km

water

0 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Climate

semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

Coastline

1,600 km

Elevation extremes

Atlantic Ocean 0 m Morro de Moco 2,620 m

highest point

Morro de Moco 2,620 m

lowest point

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Environment - current issues

overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution none of the selected agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

0.35 cu km/yr (23%/17%/60%) 22 cu m/yr (2000)

per capita

22 cu m/yr (2000)

total

0.35 cu km/yr (23%/17%/60%)

Geographic coordinates

12 30 S, 18 30 E

Geography - note

the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Irrigated land

800 sq km (2008)

Land boundaries

5,198 km Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

border countries

Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

total

5,198 km

Land use

2.65% 0.23% 97.12% (2005)

arable land

2.65%

other

97.12% (2005)

permanent crops

0.23%

Location

Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

12 nm 24 nm 200 nm

contiguous zone

24 nm

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

Natural resources

petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

Terrain

narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Total renewable water resources

184 cu km (1987)

Age structure

43.2% (male 2,910,981/female 2,856,527) 54.1% (male 3,663,400/female 3,549,896) 2.7% (male 157,778/female 199,959) (2011 est.)

0-14 years

43.2% (male 2,910,981/female 2,856,527)

15-64 years

54.1% (male 3,663,400/female 3,549,896)

65 years and over

2.7% (male 157,778/female 199,959) (2011 est.)

Birth rate

42.91 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

27.5% (2001)

Death rate

23.4 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)

Drinking water source

urban: 60% of population rural: 38% of population total: 50% of population urban: 40% of population rural: 62% of population total: 50% of population (2008)

rural

62% of population

total

50% of population (2008)

urban

40% of population

Education expenditures

2.6% of GDP (2006)

Ethnic groups

Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%

Health expenditures

4.6% of GDP (2009)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

2% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

11,000 (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

200,000 (2009 est.)

Hospital bed density

0.8 beds/1,000 population (2005)

Infant mortality rate

175.9 deaths/1,000 live births 187.86 deaths/1,000 live births 163.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

female

163.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

total

175.9 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages

Life expectancy at birth

38.76 years 37.74 years 39.83 years (2011 est.)

female

39.83 years (2011 est.)

total population

38.76 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 67.4% 82.9% 54.2% (2001 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

54.2% (2001 est.)

male

82.9%

total population

67.4%

Major cities - population

LUANDA (capital) 4.511 million; Huambo 979,000 (2009)

Major infectious diseases

very high bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever malaria, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) schistosomiasis (2009)

degree of risk

very high

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases

malaria, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)

water contact disease

schistosomiasis (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

610 deaths/100,000 live births (2008)

Median age

18.1 years 18.1 years 18.1 years (2011 est.)

female

18.1 years (2011 est.)

male

18.1 years

total

18.1 years

Nationality

Angolan(s) Angolan

adjective

Angolan

noun

Angolan(s)

Net migration rate

0.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)

Physicians density

0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2004)

Population

13,338,541 (July 2011 est.)

Population growth rate

2.034% (2011 est.)

Religions

indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 86% of population rural: 18% of population total: 57% of population urban: 14% of population rural: 82% of population total: 43% of population (2008)

rural

82% of population

total

43% of population (2008)

urban

14% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

9 years (2006)

total

9 years (2006)

Sex ratio

1.05 male(s)/female 1.02 male(s)/female 1.03 male(s)/female 0.79 male(s)/female 1.02 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

15-64 years

1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.79 male(s)/female

at birth

1.05 male(s)/female

total population

1.02 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

under 15 years

1.02 male(s)/female

Total fertility rate

5.97 children born/woman (2011 est.)

Urbanization

59% of total population (2010) 4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

59% of total population (2010)

Administrative divisions

18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

Capital

Luanda 8 50 S, 13 14 E UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

geographic coordinates

8 50 S, 13 14 E

name

Luanda

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

adopted by National Assembly 5 February 2010

Country name

Republic of Angola Angola Republica de Angola Angola People's Republic of Angola

conventional long form

Republic of Angola

conventional short form

Angola

former

People's Republic of Angola

local long form

Republica de Angola

local short form

Angola

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador Christopher J. MCMULLEN number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550 [244] (222) 64-1000 [244] (222) 64-1232

chief of mission

Ambassador Christopher J. MCMULLEN

embassy

number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda

FAX

[244] (222) 64-1232

mailing address

international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550

telephone

[244] (222) 64-1000

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Alberto do Carmo BENTO RIBEIRO 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 [1] (202) 785-1156 [1] (202) 785-1258 Houston, New York

chancery

2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

chief of mission

Ambassador Alberto do Carmo BENTO RIBEIRO

consulate(s) general

Houston, New York

FAX

[1] (202) 785-1258

telephone

[1] (202) 785-1156

Executive branch

President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Fernando da Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS (since 2 February 2010); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Fernando da Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS (since 2 February 2010) Council of Ministers appointed by the president president indirectly elected by National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) under the 2010 constitution; President DOS SANTOS was selected by the party to take over after the death of former President Augustino NETO (1979) under a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections on 29-30 September 1992 (next were to be held in September 2009 but were postponed) Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI 40.1%, making a run-off election necessary; the run-off was never held leaving DOS SANTOS in his current position as the president

cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president

chief of state

President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Fernando da Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS (since 2 February 2010); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

election results

Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI 40.1%, making a run-off election necessary; the run-off was never held leaving DOS SANTOS in his current position as the president

elections

president indirectly elected by National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) under the 2010 constitution; President DOS SANTOS was selected by the party to take over after the death of former President Augustino NETO (1979) under a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections on 29-30 September 1992 (next were to be held in September 2009 but were postponed)

head of government

President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Fernando da Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS (since 2 February 2010)

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants

Government type

republic; multiparty presidential regime

Independence

11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPEC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional; Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo; Court of Auditions or Tribunal de Contas; Supreme Military Court or Supremo Tribunal Militar; judges for all courts appointed by the president

Legal system

civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms) last held on 5-6 September 2008 (next to be held in September 2012) percent of vote by party - MPLA 81.6%, UNITA 10.4%, PRS 3.2%, ND 1.2%, FNLA 1.1%, other 2.5%; seats by party - MPLA 191, UNITA 16, PRS 8, FNLA 3, ND 2

election results

percent of vote by party - MPLA 81.6%, UNITA 10.4%, PRS 3.2%, ND 1.2%, FNLA 1.1%, other 2.5%; seats by party - MPLA 191, UNITA 16, PRS 8, FNLA 3, ND 2

elections

last held on 5-6 September 2008 (next to be held in September 2012)

National anthem

"Angola Avante" (Forward Angola) Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO adopted 1975

lyrics/music

Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO

name

"Angola Avante" (Forward Angola)

National holiday

Independence Day, 11 November (1975)

National symbol(s)

sable antelope

Political parties and leaders

National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [Ngola KABANGU]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party); New Democracy Electoral Union or ND [Quintino de MOREIRA]; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975); Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA] nine other parties participated in the legislative election in September 2008 but won no seats

Political pressure groups and leaders

Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO, Antonio Bento BEMBE] FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with the government in August 2006

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish

Budget

$35.54 billion $29.5 billion (2010 est.)

expenditures

$29.5 billion (2010 est.)

revenues

$35.54 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

7.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Central bank discount rate

25% (31 December 2010 est.) 30% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

22.68% (31 December 2010 est.) 15.68% (31 December 2009 est.)

Current account balance

$7.202 billion (2010 est.) -$7.572 billion (2009 est.)

Debt - external

$18.11 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $16.72 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Economy - overview

Angola's high growth rate in recent years was driven by high international prices for its oil. Angola became a member of OPEC in late 2006 and in late 2007 was assigned a production quota of 1.9 million barrels a day (bbl/day), somewhat less than the 2-2.5 million bbl/day Angola's government had wanted. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 85% of GDP. Diamond exports contribute an additional 5%. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 15% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Much of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, even though peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002. Since 2005, the government has used billions of dollars in credit lines from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. The global recession temporarily stalled economic growth. Lower prices for oil and diamonds during the global recession led to a contraction in GDP in 2009, and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell in 2008 and 2009. Angola abandoned its currency peg in 2009, and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of $1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Although consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to under 14% in 2010, Luanda has been unable to reduce inflation below 10%. The Angolan kwanza depreciated again in mid 2010, which, along with higher oil prices, should boost economic growth in all sectors. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, also is a major challenge.

Electricity - consumption

3.365 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - production

3.944 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Exchange rates

kwanza (AOA) per US dollar - 92.08 (2010) 79.33 (2009) 75.023 (2008) 76.6 (2007) 80.4 (2006)

Exports

$50.59 billion (2010 est.) $40.83 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities

crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton

Exports - partners

China 42.8%, US 23%, India 9.5%, France 4% (2010)

GDP - composition by sector

9.6% 65.8% 24.6% (2008 est.)

agriculture

9.6%

industry

65.8%

services

24.6% (2008 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$8,200 (2010 est.) $8,300 (2009 est.) $8,200 (2008 est.) data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

1.6% (2010 est.) 2.4% (2009 est.) 13.8% (2008 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$85.31 billion (2010 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$107.3 billion (2010 est.) $105.6 billion (2009 est.) $103.1 billion (2008 est.) data are in 2010 US dollars

Household income or consumption by percentage share

0.6% 44.7% (2000)

highest 10%

44.7% (2000)

lowest 10%

0.6%

Imports

$18.34 billion (2010 est.) $22.66 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods

Imports - partners

Portugal 17.4%, China 14%, US 9%, Brazil 6.6%, South Africa 6%, France 5.8%, India 5.3% (2010)

Industrial production growth rate

5% (2010 est.)

Industries

petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

14.5% (2010 est.) 13.9% (2009 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

13.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Labor force

8.014 million (2010 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

85% 15% (2003 est.)

agriculture

85%

industry and services

15% (2003 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

690 million cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - production

690 million cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

309.8 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)

Oil - consumption

74,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - exports

1.851 million bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - imports

38,280 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - production

1.988 million bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - proved reserves

9.5 billion bbl (1 January 2011 est.)

Population below poverty line

40.5% (2006 est.)

Public debt

21.4% of GDP (2010 est.) 24.2% of GDP (2009 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$19.66 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $13.66 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of broad money

$28.14 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $25.77 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$5.096 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $3.933 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$88.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $78.45 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$18.95 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $19.58 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$18.17 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $18.29 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

41.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Unemployment rate

NA

Broadcast media

state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)

Internet country code

.ao

Internet hosts

3,717 (2010)

Internet users

606,700 (2009)

Telephone system

limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately-owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001 only about two fixed-lines per 100 persons; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity about 70 telephones per 100 persons in 2010 country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2009)

domestic

only about two fixed-lines per 100 persons; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity about 70 telephones per 100 persons in 2010

general assessment

limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately-owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001

international

country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2009)

Telephones - main lines in use

303,200 (2010)

Telephones - mobile cellular

8.909 million (2010)

Airports

193 (2010)

Airports - with paved runways

4 (2010)

1,524 to 2,437 m

13

2,438 to 3,047 m

9

914 to 1,523 m

4 (2010)

over 3,047 m

5

total

31

Airports - with unpaved runways

47 (2010)

1,524 to 2,437 m

31

2,438 to 3,047 m

4

914 to 1,523 m

78

over 3,047 m

2

total

162

under 914 m

47 (2010)

Merchant marine

cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 1 1 (Spain 1) 15 (Bahamas 5, Liberia 1, Malta 7, former Netherlands Antilles 2) (2010)

foreign-owned

1 (Spain 1)

registered in other countries

15 (Bahamas 5, Liberia 1, Malta 7, former Netherlands Antilles 2) (2010)

total

7

Pipelines

gas 2 km; oil 87 km (2010)

Ports and terminals

Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe

Railways

2,764 km 2,641 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2010)

total

2,764 km

Roadways

51,429 km 5,349 km 46,080 km (2001)

total

51,429 km

unpaved

46,080 km (2001)

Waterways

1,300 km (2010)

Manpower available for military service

3,062,438 2,964,262 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

2,964,262 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

3,062,438

Manpower fit for military service

1,546,781 1,492,308 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

1,492,308 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

1,546,781

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

155,476 152,054 (2010 est.)

female

152,054 (2010 est.)

male

155,476

Military branches

Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army) (2011)

Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA)

Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army) (2011)

Military expenditures

3.6% of GDP (2009)

Military service age and obligation

20-45 years of age for compulsory and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years; 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; Angolan citizenship required; the Marinha de Guerra Angola (Navy, MgA) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2011)

Disputes - international

DROC accuses Angola of shifting monuments

Illicit drugs

used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa

Refugees and internally displaced persons

12,615 (Democratic Republic of Congo) 61,700 (27-year civil war ending in 2002; 4 million IDPs already have returned) (2007)

IDPs

61,700 (27-year civil war ending in 2002; 4 million IDPs already have returned) (2007)

refugees (country of origin)

12,615 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

Trafficking in persons

Angola is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; internally, trafficking victims reportedly are forced to labor in agriculture, construction, domestic service, and diamond mines; Angolan women and children are subjected to domestic servitude in South Africa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Namibia, and some European nations, primarily Portugal; Vietnamese, Chinese, and Brazilian women in prostitution in Angola may also be victims of sex trafficking; reports indicate that Chinese, South East Asian, Namibian, and possibly Congolese migrants are subjected to forced labor in Angola's construction industry Tier 2 Watch List - the Government of Angola does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making efforts to do so; the government did not demonstrate an increase in its modest anti-trafficking efforts of the previous year; no efforts were made to improve its minimal protection services provided to victims or to raise awareness of trafficking (2011)

current situation

Angola is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; internally, trafficking victims reportedly are forced to labor in agriculture, construction, domestic service, and diamond mines; Angolan women and children are subjected to domestic servitude in South Africa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Namibia, and some European nations, primarily Portugal; Vietnamese, Chinese, and Brazilian women in prostitution in Angola may also be victims of sex trafficking; reports indicate that Chinese, South East Asian, Namibian, and possibly Congolese migrants are subjected to forced labor in Angola's construction industry

tier rating

Tier 2 Watch List - the Government of Angola does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making efforts to do so; the government did not demonstrate an increase in its modest anti-trafficking efforts of the previous year; no efforts were made to improve its minimal protection services provided to victims or to raise awareness of trafficking (2011)