2005 Edition

Administrative divisions

18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

Age structure

0-14 years: 43.4% (male 2,454,209/female 2,407,083) 15-64 years: 53.7% (male 3,059,339/female 2,955,060) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 139,961/female 175,134) (2005 est.)

Agriculture - products

bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish

Airports

243 (2004 est.)

Airports - with paved runways

total

32 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total

211 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 30 914 to 1,523 m: 95 under 914 m: 80 (2004 est.) Military Angola

Area

land

1,246,700 sq km

total

1,246,700 sq km

water

0 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Background

Angola has begun to enjoy the fruits of peace since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but UNITA renewed fighting after being beaten by the MPLA at the polls. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - in the quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and strengthened the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS has pledged to hold national elections in 2006. Geography Angola

Birth rate

44.64 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Budget

expenditures

$9.562 billion, including capital expenditures of $963 million (2004 est.)

revenues

$9.013 billion

Capital

Luanda

Climate

semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

Coastline

1,600 km

Constitution

11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26 August 1992; note - new constitution has not yet been approved

Country name

conventional long form

Republic of Angola

conventional short form

Angola

former

People's Republic of Angola

local long form

Republica de Angola

local short form

Angola

Currency (code)

kwanza (AOA)

Currency code

AOA

Current account balance

$-37.88 million (2004 est.)

Death rate

25.9 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Debt - external

$10.45 billion (2004 est.)

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission

Ambassador Cynthia EFFIRD

embassy

number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda

FAX

[244] (2) 446-924

mailing address

international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda;

pouch

American Embassy Luanda, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2550

telephone

[244] (2) 445-481, 447-028, 446-224

Diplomatic representation in the US

chancery

2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

chief of mission

Ambassador Josefina Perpetua Pitra DIAKIDI

consulate(s) general

Houston and New York

FAX

[1] (202) 785-1258

telephone

[1] (202) 785-1156

Disputes - international

90,000 Angolan refugees were repatriated by 2004, the remaining refugees in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia are expected to return in 2005; many Cabinda exclave secessionists have sought shelter in neighboring states

Economic aid - recipient

$383.5 million (1999)

Economy - overview

Angola has been an economy in disarray because of a quarter century of nearly continuous warfare. An apparently durable peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002, but consequences from the conflict continue including the impact of widespread land mines. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 85% of the population. Oil production and the supporting activities are vital to the economy, contributing about 45% to GDP and more than half of exports. Much of the country's food must still be imported. To fully take advantage of its rich natural resources - gold, diamonds, extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, and large oil deposits - Angola will need to continue reforming government policies and to reduce corruption. While Angola made progress in further lowering inflation, from 325% in 2000 to about 106% in 2002, the government has failed to make sufficient progress on reforms recommended by the IMF such as increasing foreign exchange reserves and promoting greater transparency in government spending. Increased oil production supported 7% GDP growth in 2003 and 12% growth in 2004.

Electricity - consumption

1.587 billion kWh (2002)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2002)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2002)

Electricity - production

1.707 billion kWh (2002)

Electricity - production by source

fossil fuel

36.4%

hydro

63.6%

nuclear

0%

other

0% (2001)

Elevation extremes

highest point

Morro de Moco 2,620 m

lowest point

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Environment - current issues

overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water

Environment - international agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Ethnic groups

Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%

Exchange rates

kwanza per US dollar - 83.541 (2004), 74.606 (2003), 43.53 (2002), 22.058 (2001), 10.041 (2000)

Executive branch

cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president

chief of state

President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

election results

DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI 40.1%, making a run-off election necessary; the run-off was not held and SAVIMBI's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) repudiated the results of the first election; the civil war resumed

elections

president elected by universal ballot for a five-year term; President DOS SANTOS originally elected (in 1979) without opposition under a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held September 2006)

head of government

President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Fernando de Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS was appointed Prime Minister on 6 December 2002, but this is not a position of real power

Exports

$12.76 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Exports - commodities

crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton

Exports - partners

US 38%, China 35.9%, Taiwan 6.8%, France 6.5% (2004)

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications Angola

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle) Economy Angola

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture

8%

industry

67%

services

25% (2001 est.)

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $2,100 (2004 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

11.7% (2004 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$23.17 billion (2004 est.)

Geographic coordinates

12 30 S, 18 30 E

Geography - note

the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo People Angola

Government type

republic, nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong presidential system

Highways

paved

5,328 km

total

51,429 km

unpaved

46,101 km (2001)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

3.9% (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

21,000 (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

240,000 (2003 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA

Illicit drugs

used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005 ======================================================================

Imports

$4.896 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods

Imports - partners

South Korea 28.3%, Portugal 13.1%, US 9.3%, South Africa 7.4%, Brazil 5.6%, Japan 4.8%, France 4.4% (2004)

Independence

11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

Industrial production growth rate

1% (2000)

Industries

petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing; brewing; tobacco products; sugar; textiles, ship repair

Infant mortality rate

female

178.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

male

203.68 deaths/1,000 live births

total

191.19 deaths/1,000 live births

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

43.8% (2004 est.)

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

Internet country code

.ao

Internet hosts

17 (2003)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

1 (2000)

Internet users

41,000 (2002) Transportation Angola

Investment (gross fixed)

34.5% of GDP (2004 est.)

Irrigated land

750 sq km (1998 est.)

Judicial branch

Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (judges are appointed by the president)

Labor force

5.41 million (2004 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture 85%, industry and services 15% (2003 est.)

Land boundaries

border countries

Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

total

5,198 km

Land use

arable land

2.41%

other

97.35% (2001)

permanent crops

0.24%

Languages

Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages

Legal system

based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms)

election results

percent of vote by party - MPLA 54%, UNITA 34%, others 12%; seats by party - MPLA 129, UNITA 70, PRS 6, FNLA 5, PLD 3, others 7

elections

last held 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held September 2006)

Life expectancy at birth

female

39.64 years (2005 est.)

male

37.28 years

total population

38.43 years

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

female

53.8% (2001 est.) Government Angola

male

82.1%

total population

66.8%

Location

Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk

very high

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever

respiratory disease

meningococcal meningitis

vectorborne diseases

malaria, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are high risks in some locations

water contact disease

schistosomiasis (2004)

Manpower available for military service

males age 17-49: 2,423,221 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 17-49: 1,174,548 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually

males

121,254 (2005 est.)

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

contiguous zone

24 nm

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Median age

female

18.11 years (2005 est.)

male

18.12 years

total

18.12 years

Merchant marine

by type

cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1

registered in other countries

4 (2005)

total

4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 26,123 GRT/42,879 DWT

Military branches

Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra, MdG), Air and Air Defense Forces (FANA)

Military expenditures - dollar figure

$183.58 million (2004)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP

10.6% (2004) Transnational Issues Angola

Military service age and obligation

17 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years plus time for training (2001)

National holiday

Independence Day, 11 November (1975)

Nationality

adjective

Angolan

noun

Angolan(s)

Natural gas - consumption

530 million cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - production

530 million cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

79.57 billion cu m (2004)

Natural hazards

locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

Natural resources

petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

Net migration rate

0.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Oil - consumption

31,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - exports

NA

Oil - imports

NA

Oil - production

980,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)

Oil - proved reserves

22.88 billion bbl (2004 est.)

Pipelines

gas 214 km; liquid natural gas 14 km; liquid petroleum gas 30 km; oil 837 km; refined products 56 km (2004)

Political parties and leaders

Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria PEREIRA]; National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [disputed

leadership

Lucas NGONDA, Holden ROBERTO]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA], largest opposition party has engaged in years of armed resistance; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS], ruling party in power since 1975; Social Renewal Party or PRS [disputed leadership: Eduardo KUANGANA, Antonio MUACHICUNGO] note: about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992 elections but only won a few seats and have little influence in the National Assembly

Political pressure groups and leaders

Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO, Antonio Bento BEMBE] note: FLEC is waging a small-scale, highly factionalized, armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province

Population

11,190,786 (July 2005 est.)

Population below poverty line

70% (2003 est.)

Population growth rate

1.9% (2005 est.)

Ports and harbors

Cabinda, Luanda, Soyo

Radio broadcast stations

AM 21, FM 6, shortwave 7 (2000)

Radios

815,000 (2000)

Railways

narrow gauge

2,638 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2004)

total

2,761 km

Refugees and internally displaced persons

IDPs

40,000-60,000 (27-year civil war ending in 2002; 4 million IDPs already have returned) (2004)

Religions

indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$800 million (2004 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth

1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female

total population

1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Telephone system

domestic

limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter

general assessment

telephone service limited mostly to government and business use; HF radiotelephone used extensively for military links

international

country code - 244; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia

Telephones - main lines in use

96,300 (2003)

Telephones - mobile cellular

130,000 (2002)

Television broadcast stations

6 (2000)

Televisions

196,000 (2000)

Terrain

narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Total fertility rate

6.27 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Unemployment rate

extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more than half the population (2001 est.)

Waterways

1,300 km (2004)