1989 Edition

Agriculture

bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas

Aid

$20. 1 million in operational funds and $5.8 million in construction funds for capital improvement projects from the US Department of Interior (1989)

Climate

temperate; snowy, cold winters and cool, dry summers

semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

Coastline

none — landlocked

1,600 km

Comparative area

slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Currency

US currency is used

Disputes

civil war since independence on 11 November 1975

Environment

deforestation, overgrazing

locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on plateau; desertification

Exchange rates

US currency is used

Exclusive fishing zone

200 nm

Fiscal year

1 October-30 September

Land boundaries

125 km total; France 60 km, Spain 65 km

5,198 km total; Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zaire 2,51 1 km, Zambia 1,110 km

Land use

2% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 56% meadows and pastures; 22% forest and woodland; 20% other

2% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 23% meadows and pastures; 43% forest and woodland; 32% other

Maritime claims

none — landlocked

Natural resources

hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead

petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

Note

landlocked

Cabinda is separated from rest of country by Zaire

Terrain

rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys

narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Territorial sea

20 nm

Total area

450 km2; land area: 450 km2

1,246,700 km2; land area: 1,246,700km2

Birth rate

12 births/ 1,000 population (1990)

47 births/ 1 ,000 population (1990)

Death rate

4 deaths/ 1,000 population (1990)

20 deaths/ 1,000 population (1990)

Ethnic divisions

Catalan stock; 61% Spanish, 30% Andorran, 6% French, 3% other

37% Ovimbundu, 25% Kimbundu, 13% Bakongo, 2% Mestico, 1% European

Infant mortality rate

7 deaths/ 1,000 live births (1990)

158 deaths/ 1,000 live births (1990)

Labor force

NA

2,783,000 economically active; 85% agriculture, 15% industry (1985 est.)

Language

Catalan (official); many also speak some French and Castilian

Portuguese (official); various Bantu dialects

Life expectancy at birth

74 years male, 81 years female (1990)

42 years male, 46 years female (1990)

Literacy

100%

41%

Nationality

noun — Andorran(s); adjective— Andorran

noun — Angolan(s); adjective — Angolan

Net migration rate

18 migrants/ 1,000 population (1990)

2 migrants/ 1 ,000 population (1990)

Organized labor

none

about 450,695 (1980)

Population

51,895 (July 1990), growth rate 2.6% (1990)

8,534,483 (July 1990), growth rate 2.9% (1990)

Religion

virtually all Roman Catholic

47% indigenous beliefs, 38% Roman Catholic, 15% Protestant (est.)

Total fertility rate

1.3 children born/ woman (1990)

6.7 children born/ woman (1990)

Administrative divisions

7 parishes (parroquies, singular — parroquia); Andorra, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Les Escaldes, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria

Capital

Andorra la Vella

Communists

negligible

Constitution

none; some pareatges and decrees, mostly custom and usage

Diplomatic representation

Andorra has no mission in the US; US — includes Andorra within the Barcelona (Spain) Consular District and the US Consul General visits Andorra periodically; Consul General Ruth A. DAVIS; Consulate General at Via Layetana 33, Barcelona 3, Spain (mailing address APO NY 09286); telephone [34] (3) 319-9550

Elections

General Council of the Valleys—last held 11 December 1989 (next to Andorra (continued) Angola be held December 1993); results— percent of vote NA; seats — (28 total) number of seats by party NA

Executive branch

two co-princes (president of France, bishop of Seo de Urgel in Spain), two designated representatives (French veguer, Episcopal veguer), two permanent delegates (French prefect for the department of Pyrenees-Orientales, Spanish vicar general for the Seo de Urgel diocese), president of government, Executive Council

Flag

three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flag of Chad which does not have a national coat of arms in the center; also similar to the flag of Romania which has a national coat of arms featuring a mountain landscape below a red five-pointed star and the words REPUBLICA SOCIALISTA ROMANIA at the bottom

Independence

1278

Judicial branch

civil cases — Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan (France) or the Ecclesiastical Court of the bishop of Seo de Urgel (Spain); criminal cases — Tribunal of the Courts (Tribunal des Cortes)

Leaders

Chiefs of State — French Co-Prince Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981), represented by Veguer de Fransa Louis DEBLE; Spanish Episcopal Co-Prince Mgr. Joan MARTI y Alanis (since 31 January 1971), represented by Veguer Episcopal Francesc BADIA Batalla; Head of Government — Josep PINTAT Solans (since N A 1984) Political parties and leaders: political parties not yet legally recognized; traditionally no political parties but partisans for particular independent candidates for the General Council on the basis of competence, personality, and orientation toward Spain or France; various small pressure groups developed in 1972; first formal political party, Andorran Democratic Association, was formed in 1 976 and reorganized in 1979 as Andorran Democratic Party

Legal system

based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch

unicameral General Council of the Valleys (Consell General de las Vails)

Long-form name

Principality of Andorra

People's Republic of

Member of

CCC, UNESCO

National holiday

Mare de Deu de Meritxell, 8 September

Suffrage

universal at age 18

Type

unique coprincipality under formal sovereignty of president of France and Spanish bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called verguers

Agriculture

sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables

Aid

none

Budget

revenues SNA; expenditures SNA, including capital expenditures of SNA

Currency

French franc (plural — francs) and Spanish peseta (plural — pesetas); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes and 1 Spanish peseta (Pta) = 100 centimes

Electricity

35,000 kW capacity; 140 million kWh produced, 2,800 kWh per capita (1989)

Exchange rates

French francs (F) per US$1— 5.7598 (January 1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985); Spanish pesetas (Ptas) per US$1— 109.69 (January 1990), 118.38(1989), 116.49(1988), 123.48 (1987), 140.05 (1986), 170.04 (1985) Fiscal yean calendar year

Exports

$0.017 million (f.o.b., 1986); commodities — electricity; partners — France, Spain

External debt

SNA

GNP

SNA, per capita SNA; real growth rate NA%

Imports

$531 million (f.o.b., 1986); commodities— NA; partners — France, Spain

Industrial production

growth rate NA%

Industries

tourism (particularly skiing), sheep, timber, tobacco, smuggling, banking

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

NA%

Overview

The mainstay of Andorra's economy is tourism. An estimated 12 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Agricultural production is limited by a scarcity of arable land, and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. The rapid pace of European economic integration is a potential threat to Andorra's advantages from its duty-free status.

Unemployment rate

NA%

Airports

3 total, 3 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440 to 3,659 m (international airport at Tafuna, near Pago Pago); small airstrips on Ta'u and Ofu

Highways

350 km total; 150 km paved, 200 km unpaved

96 km

Note

defense is the responsibility of the US Sccrefionfti map V

defense is the responsibility of France and Spain Cobindl?^. LUANDA South Atlantic Ocean /Lobito Banguela r Nam.be Set regional map VII

Ports

Pago Pago, Ta'u

Railroads

small marine railroad in Pago Pago harbor

Telecommunications

6,500 telephones; stations — 1 AM, no FM, 1 TV; good telex, telegraph, and facsimile services; 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT earth station Defense Forces

international digital microwave network; international landline circuits to France and Spain; stations — 1 AM, no FM, no TV; 17,700 telephones Defense Forces