1984 Edition

Agriculture

food deficit area; main crops — corn, wheat, potatoes, tobacco, sugar beets, cotton

Airfields

41 total, 35 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Branches

Armed Forces, Air and Defense Forces, border guard forces, Defense of the Revolution Force, National Police Force, Government Information Service (KHAD), People's Militia

legislature (People's Assembly), Council of Ministers, judiciary

Albanian People's Army, Frontier Troops, Interior Troops, Albanian Coastal Defense Command, Air and Air Defense Force

Budget

(1982 prov.) revenue $1.22 billion, expenditure $1.21 billion; state investment $1.1 billion (1984 planned)

Capital

Tirane

Civil air

6 major transport aircraft

no civil airline Defense Forces

Coastline

418 km (including Sazan Island) People

1,183 km People

Communists

122,600 party members (November 1981); 4.5% of population

Elections

national elections held every four years; last elections 12 November 1982; 100% of electorate voted (with one dissenting vote) Political parties and leaders: Albanian Workers Party only; First Secretary, Enver Hoxha

Electric power

1,390,000 kW capacity (1983); 4.5 billion kWh produced (1983), 1,558 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

96% Albanian; remaining 4% are Greeks, Vlachs, Gypsies, and Bulgarians

99% Arab-Berbers, less than 1% Europeans

Exports

$151 million (1978); asphalt, bitumen, and petroleum products; metals and metallic ores; agricultural products, including vegetables, fruits, and tobacco

Fiscal year

21 March-20 March Communications

same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July-30 June Communications

Freight carried

rail — 2.8 million metric tons, 180 million metric ton/km (1971); highways— 39 million metric tons, 900 million metric ton/km (1971)

GNP

$2.15 billion (1979); $820 per capita (1981) Algeria

Government leaders

Ramiz ALIA, Chairman, Presidium of the People's Assembly (chief of state); Adil CARCANI, Chairman, Council of Ministers (Premier)

Highways

18,752 km total (1978); 2,846 km hard surface, 14,035 gravel and improved earth and unimproved earth and tracks

4,989 km total; 1,287 km paved, 1,609 km crushed stone and/or gravel, 2,093 km improved or unimproved earth (1975)

Imports

$137 million from OECD countries (1982); machinery, machine tools, iron and steel products, textiles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals

Inland waterways

total navigability 1,200 km; chiefly Amu Darya, which handles steamers up to about 500 metric tons

43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Shkoder, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1979)

Labor force

584,000 (1978); about 22% agriculture, 40% industry and commerce, and 38% other (1978) Government

(1982) 3.5 million; 40% industry and commerce, 30% agriculture, 17% government, 10% services; at least 11% of urban labor unemployed

Land boundaries

716 km Water

6,260 km Water

Language

Albanian (Tosk is official dialect), Greek

Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects

Legal system

based on constitution adopted in 1976; judicial review of legislative acts only in the Presidium of the People's Assembly, which is not a true court; legal education at University of Tirana; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

15 nm

12 nm

Literacy

75%

46%

Major industries

agricultural products and processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, and extractive industries (chrome and oil)

Major trade partners

exports— Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Italy, Poland, Austria; imports — Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, FRG, Poland, Italy, Greece

Member of

CEMA, FAO, IAEA, IPU, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO; has not participated in CEMA since rift with USSR in 1961; officially withdrew from Warsaw Pact 13 September 1968 Economy

Military budget

estimated expenditures for fiscal year ending 31 March 1984, about $0.4 million Land 28,748 km2; 43% forest and wood; 21% arable; 19% meadows and pasture; 5% permanent crop; 5% inland water; 7% other

announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, 910 million leks; 10.4% of total budget Land 2,460,500 km2; 80% desert, waste, or urban; 16% pasture and meadows; 3% cultivated; 1% forest

Military manpower

males 15-49, about 3,422,000; 1,900,000 fit for military service; about 140,000 reach military age (22) annually

males 15-49, 768,000; 636,000 fit for military service; 31,000 reach military age (19) annually

Monetary conversion rate

1. 1328 leks=US$l (February 1984)

National holiday

Liberation Day, 29 November

Nationality

noun — Albanian(s); adjective — Albanian

noun — Algerian(s); adjective — Algerian

Official name

People's Socialist Republic of

Pipelines

natural gas, 180 km

crude oil, 117 km; refined products, 65 km; natural gas, 64 km

Political subdivisions

26 rrethet (districts)

Population

2,906,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.1%

21,351,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 3.1%

Ports

3 minor river ports; largest Sher Khan

1 major (Durres), 3 minor (1979)

Railroads

9.6 km (single track) 1.524-meter gauge, spur of Soviet line from Kushka (USSR) to Towraghondi and from Termez (USSR) to Kheyrabad Transhipment Point (15 km) on south bank Amu Darya (government owned)

228 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, single track, government owned (1980 est.); claims over 400 km (1983)

Religion

Albania claims to be the world's first atheist state; prewar est. — 70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman Catholic; observances prohibited

99% Sunni Muslim (state religion); 1% Christian and Hebrew

Ships

4 submarines, 2 mine warfare ships, 54 coastal patrol-river/roadstead craft, 6 mine warfare craft, 2 underway replenishment ships, 1 other auxiliary

Shortages

spare parts, machinery and equipment, wheat

Suffrage

universal and compulsory over age 18'

Supply

dependent on foreign sources, almost exclusively the USSR

Telecommunications

limited telephone, telegraph, and radiobroadcast services; television introduced in 1980; telephones 31,200 (0.2 per 100 popl.); 5 AM and no FM stations, 1 TV station, 1 earth satellite station Defense Forces

Type

Communist state