Malta

With a civilization that dates back thousands of years, Malta boasts some of the oldest megalithic sites in the world. Situated in the center of the Mediterranean, Malta’s islands have long served as a strategic military asset, with the islands at various times falling under the control of the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Moors, Normans, Sicilians, Spanish, Knights of St. John, and French. Most recently a British colony (since 1814), Malta gained its independence in 1964 and declared itself a republic 10 years later. While under British rule, the island staunchly supported the UK through both world wars. Since the mid-1980s, the island has transformed itself into a freight transshipment point, a financial center, and a tourist destination, as its key industries moved toward more service-oriented activities. Malta became an EU member in 2004 and joined the eurozone in 2008.

Land

316 sq km

Total

316 sq km

Water

0 sq km

slightly less than twice the size of Washington, D.C.

Mediterranean; mild, rainy winters; hot, dry summers

196.8 km (excludes 56 km for the island of Gozo)

Europe

Highest point

Ta'Dmejrek on Dingli Cliffs 253 m

Lowest point

Mediterranean Sea 0 m

35 50 N, 14 35 E

the country is an archipelago, with only the three largest islands (Malta, Ghawdex or Gozo, and Kemmuna or Comino) inhabited; numerous bays provide good harbors

39 sq km (2022)

Total

0 km

Agricultural land

25.9% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 22.8% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 3.2% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)

arable land

22.81%

Forest

1.5% (2023 est.)

Other

66.4% (2023 est.)

permanent crops

3.25%

No

Southern Europe, islands in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily (Italy)

Google Maps

https://goo.gl/maps/skXCqguxDxxEKVk47

OpenStreetMap

https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/365307

Europe

Contiguous zone

24 nm

Continental shelf

200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Exclusive fishing zone

25 nm

Territorial sea

12 nm

occasional droughts

limestone, salt, arable land

most of the population lives on the eastern half of Malta, the largest of the three inhabited islands

Southern Europe

mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs

UTC+01:00

number of time zones

1

0-14 years

14.5% (male 35,034/female 33,181)

15-64 years

62.4% (male 151,836/female 141,248)

65 years and over

23.1% (2024 est.) (male 50,153/female 58,278)

Beer

2.8 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Other alcohols

0.42 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Spirits

2.51 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Total

8.07 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Wine

2.34 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

7.67 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

3.3%

0.7% (2022 est.)

52% (2021 est.)

8.65 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

adult female

41 per 1,000

adult male

52 per 1,000

Elderly dependency ratio

32.9 (2025 est.)

Potential support ratio

3 (2025 est.)

Total dependency ratio

54.1 (2025 est.)

Youth dependency ratio

21.2 (2025 est.)

improved total

99.83%

Improved: rural

rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% GDP)

4.7% of GDP (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

12.5% national budget (2022 est.)

5 % of GDP

Maltese (descendants of ancient Carthaginians and Phoenicians with strong elements of Italian and other Mediterranean stock)

0.57 (2025 est.)

9 % of GDP

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

10.6% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

16.2% of national budget (2022 est.)

0.18%

4.4 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Female

4.5 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

4.3 deaths/1,000 live births

neonatal

4 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

4.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Maltese (official) 90.1%, English (official) 6%, multilingual 3%, other 0.9% (2005 est.)

languages

English, Maltese

number of languages

2

Female

85.8 years

Male

81.5 years

Total population

83.6 years (2024 est.)

213,000 VALLETTA (capital) (2018)

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Female

44.7 years

Male

42.4 years

Total

42.1 years (2025 est.)

29.3 years (2020 est.)

note

<strong>note:</strong> data refers to the average of the different childbearing ages of first-order births

Adjective

Maltese

Noun

Maltese (singular and plural)

7.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

28.9% (2016)

7.86 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Female

250,648

Male

271,180

Total

521,828 (2025 est.)

0.65% (2025 est.)

Roman Catholic (official) more than 90% (2006 est.)

improved total

100%

Improved: rural

rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Female

17 years (2023 est.)

Male

15 years (2023 est.)

Total

16 years (2023 est.)

0-14 years

1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years

1.07 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.86 male(s)/female

At birth

1.04 male(s)/female

Total population

1.02 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Female

20.2% (2025 est.)

Male

23.9% (2025 est.)

Total

22.1% (2025 est.)

1.18 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Rate of urbanization

0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Urban population

94.9% of total population (2023)

measles

88%

68 localities (<em>Il-lokalita</em>); Attard, Balzan, Birgu, Birkirkara, Birzebbuga, Bormla, Dingli, Fgura, Floriana, Fontana, Ghajnsielem, Gharb, Gharghur, Ghasri, Ghaxaq, Gudja, Gzira, Hamrun, Iklin, Imdina, Imgarr, Imqabba, Imsida, Imtarfa, Isla, Kalkara, Kercem, Kirkop, Lija, Luqa, Marsa, Marsaskala, Marsaxlokk, Mellieha, Mosta, Munxar, Nadur, Naxxar, Paola, Pembroke, Pieta, Qala, Qormi, Qrendi, Rabat, Rabat (Ghawdex), Safi, San Giljan/Saint Julian, San Gwann/Saint John, San Lawrenz/Saint Lawrence, Sannat, San Pawl il-Bahar/Saint Paul's Bay, Santa Lucija/Saint Lucia, Santa Venera/Saint Venera, Siggiewi, Sliema, Swieqi, Tarxien, Ta' Xbiex, Valletta, Xaghra, Xewkija, Xghajra, Zabbar, Zebbug, Zebbug (Ghawdex), Zejtun, Zurrieq

Daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Etymology

named in honor of Jean Parizot de la VALETTE, the Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (crusader knights), who founded the city in 1566

Geographic coordinates

35 53 N, 14 30 E

Name

Valletta

Time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship by birth

no

Citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Malta

Dual citizenship recognized

no

Residency requirement for naturalization

5 years

svg

https://mainfacts.com/media/images/coats_of_arms/mt.svg

Amendment process

proposals (Acts of Parliament) require at least two-thirds majority vote by the House of Representatives; passage of Acts requires majority vote by referendum, followed by final majority vote by the House and assent of the president of the republic

History

many previous; latest adopted 21 September 1964

alternative spellings

MT, Republic of Malta, Repubblika ta' Malta

Conventional long form

Republic of Malta

Conventional short form

Malta

Etymology

the origin is unclear; the name may come from the ancient term <em>mel</em>, meaning "high" and probably referring to the island's rocks; the ancient Greeks called the island "Melite," possibly from the Greek word <em>meli,</em> meaning "honey" and referring to the island's honey production

FIFA code

MLT

Local long form

Repubblika ta' Malta

local long form (eng)

Republic of Malta

Local short form

Malta

Chief of mission

Ambassador Somers FARKAS (since 26 November 2025)

Email address and website

<br>ACSMalta@state.gov<br><br>https://mt.usembassy.gov/

Embassy

Ta' Qali National Park, Attard, ATD 4000

Mailing address

5800 Valletta Place, Washington DC&nbsp; 20521-5800

Telephone

[356] 2561-4000

Chancery

2017 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

Chief of mission

Ambassador Godfrey C. XUEREB (since 19 April 2023)

Email address and website

<br>maltaembassy.washington@gov.mt<br><br>The Embassy (gov.mt)

FAX

[1] (202) 530-9753​

Telephone

[1] (771) 213-4050

Cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

Chief of state

President Myriam Spiteri DEBONO (since 4 April 2024)

Election results

<em><br>2024:  </em>Myriam Spiteri DEBONO (PL) elected president; House of Representatives vote - unanimous<br><em><br>2019:</em> George VELLA (PL) elected president; House of Representatives vote - unanimous

Election/appointment process

president indirectly elected by the House of Representatives for a single 5-year term; following legislative elections, the president usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister for a 5-year term; deputy prime minister appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

Expected date of next election

by March 2029

Head of government

Prime Minister Robert ABELA (since 13 January 2020)

Most recent election date

27 March 2024

<strong>description:</strong> two equal vertical bands of white (left side) and red; in the upper-left corner is the George Cross, edged in red<br><br><strong>history:</strong> according to legend, the colors come from the red-and-white checkered banner of Count Roger of Sicily, who removed a bicolored corner and granted it to Malta in 1091, but the colors more likely come from the Knights of Saint John, who ruled Malta from 1530 to 1798; in 1942, Britain's King George VI awarded the George Cross to the islanders for their exceptional bravery and gallantry in World War II, and the George Cross bordered in red was added to the flag after independence in 1964 

The flag of Malta is composed of two equal vertical bands of white and red. A representation of the George cross edged in red is situated on the upper hoist-side corner of the white band.

svg

https://flagcdn.com/mt.svg

parliamentary republic

21 September 1964 (from the UK)

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Australia Group, C, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO (partner), NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Highest court(s)

Court of Appeal (consists of either 1 or 3 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 3 judges); Court of Criminal Appeal (consists of either 1 or 3 judges)

Judge selection and term of office

Court of Appeal and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president, usually on the advice of the prime minister; judges of both courts serve until age 65

Subordinate courts

Civil Court (divided into the General Jurisdiction Section, Family Section, and Voluntary Section); Criminal Court; Court of Magistrates; Gozo Courts (for the islands of Gozo and Comino)

mixed system of English common law and civil law based on the Roman and Napoleonic civil codes; subject to European Union law

Electoral system

proportional representation

Expected date of next election

March 2027

Legislative structure

unicameral

Legislature name

House of Representatives (Il-Kamra Tad-Deputati)

Most recent election date

3/26/2022

Number of seats

65 (all directly elected)

Parties elected and seats per party

Labour Party (LP) (44); Nationalist Party (PN) (35)

Percentage of women in chamber

29.1%

Scope of elections

full renewal

Term in office

5 years

<p>Adopted in 1988, Malta’s coat of arms has a shield displaying the national flag, with olive and palm branches on each side symbolizing peace. On top of the shield is a golden crown in the shape of a fortification with five turrets, representing Malta's forts. The white ribbon below the shield displays the name <em>Repubblika ta' Malta</em> (<em>Republic of Malta</em>).</p>

red, white

Selected World Heritage Site locales

City of Valletta; Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum; Megalithic Temples of Malta

Total World Heritage Sites

3 (all cultural)

Independence Day, 21 September (1964); Republic Day, 13 December (1974)

Maltese eight-pointed cross

AD+PD or ADPD (formed from the merger of Democratic Alternative or AD and Democratic Party (Partit Demokratiku) or PD)<br>Labor Party (Partit Laburista) or PL <br>Nationalist Party (Partit Nazzjonalista) or PN 

Monday

18 years of age (16 in local council elections); universal

Yes

milk, tomatoes, onions, potatoes, chicken, cauliflower/broccoli, cabbages, pork, pumpkins/squash, watermelons (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Expenditures

$7.966 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Revenues

$6.95 billion (2023 est.)

code

EUR

name

euro (EUR) [€]

$1.78 billion

Current account balance 2022

-$167.611 million (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

$1.425 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

$1.383 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

high-income, EU-member European economy; diversified portfolio; euro user; dependent on food and energy imports; strong tourism, trade, and manufacturing sectors; high North African immigration; large welfare system; educated workforce

Currency

euros (EUR) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

0.876 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

0.845 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

0.95 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

0.925 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

0.924 (2024 est.)

$29.59 billion

Exports 2022

$23.566 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$26.647 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$29.245 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

refined petroleum, integrated circuits, packaged medicine, ships, postage stamps/documents (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Nigeria 28%, Germany 10%, China 6%, Singapore 5%, Hong Kong 4% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

net inflows

$42.59 billion

Exports of goods and services

123.5% (2024 est.)

Government consumption

17.2% (2024 est.)

Household consumption

46.6% (2024 est.)

Imports of goods and services

-106.1% (2024 est.)

Investment in fixed capital

17.9% (2024 est.)

Investment in inventories

0.9% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agriculture

0.2% (2024 est.)

Industry

11.4% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Services

80.8% (2024 est.)

$24.322 billion (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate

$43,899

28.7 (2018)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022

34.6 (2022 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

$21.93 billion

$36,730

19 % of GDP

Highest 10%

27.7% (2022 est.)

Lowest 10%

2.7% (2022 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

$24.89 billion

Imports 2022

$21.406 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$22.637 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$24.505 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

ships, refined petroleum, integrated circuits, aircraft, packaged medicine (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Italy 18%, China 10%, Germany 8%, France 7%, Turkey 7% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

5.6% (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

tourism, electronics, ship building and repair, construction, food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, footwear, clothing, tobacco, aviation services, financial services, information technology services

1.65%

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

6.2% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

5.1% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

1.7% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices

318,200 (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total

319,715 persons

agriculture

0.88%

industry

17.74%

services

81.39%

16.7% (2021 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line

Note

<strong>note:</strong> Malta reports public debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year, according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty for general government gross debt; the data include the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); general government comprises the central, state, and local governments, and social security funds

Public debt 2017

50.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

$39.74 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$30.689 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$32.774 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$34.731 billion (2024 est.)

6.8%

Note

<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

4.3% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

6.8% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

6% (2024 est.)

$69,864

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$57,800 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$59,300 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$60,500 (2024 est.)

$15.66 million

Note

<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2022

0.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

0.1% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

0.1% of GDP (2024 est.)

$1.42 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$1.199 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$1.223 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$1.418 billion (2024 est.)

31 % of GDP

21 % of GDP

21.9% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

2.9%

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

3% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

3.2% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

2.8% (2024 est.)

Female

5.7% (2024 est.)

Male

9.6% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Total

7.8% (2024 est.)

Consumption

8.4 metric tons (2021 est.)

Imports

3.9 metric tons (2022 est.)

Consumption

2.766 billion kWh (2023 est.)

consumption per capita

5,042 kWh

Exports

28 million kWh (2023 est.)

Imports

648 million kWh (2023 est.)

Installed generating capacity

829,000 kW (2023 est.)

Transmission/distribution losses

199.086 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

Biomass and waste

0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Fossil fuels

86.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectric

0%

nuclear

0%

renewable

11.89%

Solar

13.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

1,398 kg of oil equivalent

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

234.698 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Consumption

444.715 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Imports

444.715 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Refined petroleum consumption

50,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

8.6%

per 100 inhabitants

44 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

44 (2023 est.)

Total

236,000 (2023 est.)

2 publicly owned TV stations, Television Malta and an educational channel; several privately owned national television stations, 2 of which are owned by political parties; Italian and British broadcast programs are available; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available; publicly owned radio broadcaster operates 3 stations; roughly 20 commercial radio stations (2019)

.mt

Percent of population

92% (2023 est.)

@@@ ###|@@@ ##

+356

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

49 (2023 est.)

Total subscriptions

259,000 (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100

141 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

142 (2024 est.)

Total subscriptions

767,000 (2024 est.)

passengers carried

2.39 million passengers

registered carrier departures

16,075 departures

1 (2025)

9H

Left

2 (2025)

By type

bulk carrier 490, container ship 348, general cargo 152, oil tanker 354, other 613

Total

1,957 (2023)

Key ports

Marsaxlokk, Valletta Harbors

Large

0

Medium

1

Ports with oil terminals

0

Small

1

Total ports

2 (2024)

Very small

0

M

the Armed Forces of Malta (AFM) are responsible for external security but also have some domestic security responsibilities; the AFM’s primary roles include maintaining the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, monitoring and policing its territorial waters, participating in overseas peacekeeping and stability operations, and providing search and rescue and explosive ordnance disposal capabilities; secondary missions include assisting civil authorities during emergencies, supporting the police and other security services, and providing ceremonial and other public support duties<br><br>Malta maintains a security policy of neutrality but contributes to EU, Organization for the Security and Cooperation (OSCE), and UN military missions and joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1995 (suspended in 1996, but reactivated in 2008); it also participates in various bilateral and multinational military exercises; Malta cooperates closely with Italy on defense matters; in 1973, Italy established a military mission in Malta to provide advice, training, and search and rescue assistance (2025)

the Armed Forces of Malta (AFM): Land Component (combat, combat support, and combat service support divided into three regiments), Maritime Squadron, Air Wing; Volunteer Reserve Force (2025)

active duty personnel

2,000

note

<strong>note:</strong> the Malta Police Force maintains internal security; both the Police and the AFM report to the Ministry of Home Affairs, National Security, and Law Enforcement

percent of total labor force

0.73 %

approximately 2,000 active Armed Forces of Malta (2025)

the military has a small inventory of armaments from a mix of European countries, particularly Italy, and the US (2025)

0 % of GDP

current USD

$109,254,896

Military Expenditures 2020

0.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military Expenditures 2021

0.5% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military Expenditures 2022

0.7% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military Expenditures 2023

0.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military Expenditures 2024

0.5% of GDP (2024 est.)

percent of central government expenditure

1.28 %

percent of GDP

0.45 % of GDP

18-30 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2026)

Refugees

9,284 (2024 est.)

Stateless persons

171 (2024 est.)

From consumed natural gas

852,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From petroleum and other liquids

8.113 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Total emissions

8.965 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

limited natural freshwater resources; deforestation; wildlife preservation

Party to

Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands

Signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

13.1 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

8 % of total land area

12 % of total

50.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

73 % of internal resources

Agricultural

21.358 million cubic meters (2022)

Industrial

1 million cubic meters (2022)

Municipal

39.497 million cubic meters (2022)

Municipal solid waste generated annually

348,800 tons (2024 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled

10.5% (2022 est.)