Bermuda

Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists heading for Virginia. Self-governing since 1620, Bermuda is the oldest and most populous of the British Overseas Territories. Vacationing on the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important for the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years as Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence from the UK was soundly defeated in 1995.

Land

54 sq km

Total

54 sq km

Water

0 sq km

about one-third the size of Washington, D.C.

subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter

103 km

North America

Highest point

Town Hill 79 m

Lowest point

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

32 20 N, 64 45 W

the archipelago consists of over 170 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, as well as thousands of cays, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by the US Government from 1941 to 1995

NA

Total

0 km

Agricultural land

5.6% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 5.6% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)

arable land

5.56%

Forest

14.4% (2023 est.)

Other

80% (2023 est.)

No

North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina (US)

Google Maps

https://goo.gl/maps/NLsRGNjTzDghTtAJA

OpenStreetMap

https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1993208

North America

Exclusive economic zone

200 nm

Exclusive fishing zone

200 nm

Territorial sea

12 nm

hurricanes (June to November)

limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism

relatively even population distribution throughout

North America

low hills separated by fertile depressions

UTC-04:00

number of time zones

1

0-14 years

16.4% (male 6,133/female 5,817)

15-64 years

60.9% (male 22,247/female 22,113)

65 years and over

22.7% (2024 est.) (male 7,021/female 9,469)

10.82 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

49.7% (2016 est.)

9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

adult female

47 per 1,000

adult male

84 per 1,000

Elderly dependency ratio

37.2 (2024 est.)

Potential support ratio

2.7 (2024 est.)

Total dependency ratio

64.1 (2024 est.)

Youth dependency ratio

26.9 (2024 est.)

Improved: total

total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% GDP)

1.9% of GDP (2023 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

7.8% national budget (2017 est.)

2 % of GDP

African descent 52%, White 31%, mixed 9%, Asian 4%, other 4% (2010 est.)

0.92 (2025 est.)

Female

1.8 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

2.5 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

2.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

English (official), Portuguese

languages

English

number of languages

1

Female

85.7 years

Male

79.4 years

Total population

82.5 years (2024 est.)

10,000 HAMILTON (capital) (2018)

Female

46.3 years

Male

41.5 years

Total

43.9 years (2025 est.)

2 births/1,000 women 15-19

Adjective

Bermudian

Noun

Bermudian(s)

1.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

62.5%

Female

37,399

Male

35,401

Total

72,800 (2024 est.)

0.27% (2025 est.)

Protestant 46.2% (includes Anglican 15.8%, African Methodist Episcopal 8.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.7%, Pentecostal 3.5%, Methodist 2.7%, Presbyterian 2.0%, Church of God 1.6%, Baptist 1.2%, Salvation Army 1.1%, Brethren 1.0%, other Protestant 2.0%), Roman Catholic 14.5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, other Christian 9.1%, Muslim 1%, other 3.9%, none 17.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2010 est.)

Improved: total

total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Female

12 years (2023 est.)

Male

11 years (2023 est.)

Total

12 years (2023 est.)

0-14 years

1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years

1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.74 male(s)/female

At birth

1.05 male(s)/female

Total population

0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

1.88 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Rate of urbanization

-0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Urban population

100% of total population (2023)

9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick

Daylight saving time

+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November

Etymology

named after Henry HAMILTON, who served as governor of Bermuda from 1788 to 1794

Geographic coordinates

32 17 N, 64 47 W

Name

Hamilton

Time difference

UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship by birth

no

Citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of the UK

Dual citizenship recognized

yes

Residency requirement for naturalization

10 years

svg

https://mainfacts.com/media/images/coats_of_arms/bm.svg

Amendment process

proposal procedure - NA; passage by an Order in Council in the UK

History

several previous (dating to 1684); latest entered into force 8 June 1968 (Bermuda Constitution Order 1968)

alternative spellings

BM, The Islands of Bermuda, The Bermudas, Somers Isles

Conventional long form

none

Conventional short form

Bermuda

Etymology

named after Juan de BERMUDEZ, an early 16th-century Spanish sea captain and the first European explorer of the archipelago

FIFA code

BER

Former

Somers Islands

local long form (eng)

Bermuda

overseas territory of the UK

Chief of mission

Consul General Antoinette HURTADO (since 27 March 2025)

Consulate(s) general

16 Middle Road, Devonshire DV O3

Email address and website

<br>HamiltonConsulate@state.gov<br><br>https://bm.usconsulate.gov/

Embassy

US Consulate Bermuda, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, DV 03, Bermuda

FAX

(441) 295-1592

Mailing address

5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300

Telephone

(441) 295-1342

none (overseas territory of the UK)

Cabinet

Cabinet nominated by the premier, approved by the governor

Chief of state

King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor Andrew MURDOCH (since 23 January 2025)

Election/appointment process

the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as the premier

Head of government

Premier David BURT (since 19 July 2017)

<strong>description:</strong> a red field with the UK flag in the upper-left quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms centered on the right half of the flag; the coat of arms is a white shield with a red lion on a green field, holding a scroll showing the sinking of the ship "Sea Venture" <br><br><strong>history:</strong> the 1609 shipwreck of the "Sea Venture" led to the settling of Bermuda

note

<strong>note:</strong> Bermuda is the only British overseas territory that uses a red field on its flag; all others use blue

The flag of Bermuda is red, with the UK flag in the canton and the national coat of arms centered in the fly half. The coat of arms is a white shield with a red lion on a green field, holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of a ship.

svg

https://flagcdn.com/bm.svg

Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy

none (overseas territory of the UK)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Caricom (associate), ICC (NGOs), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UPU, WCO

Highest court(s)

Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and at least 2 justices); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 4 puisne judges, and 1 associate justice); the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) is the court of final appeal

Judge selection and term of office

Court of Appeal justice appointed by the governor; justice tenure by individual appointment; Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission and appointed by the governor; judge tenure based on terms of appointment

Subordinate courts

commercial court (began in 2006); magistrates' courts

English common law

Legislative structure

bicameral

Legislature name

Parliament

Chamber name

House of Assembly

Electoral system

plurality/majority

Expected date of next election

2025

Most recent election date

10/1/2020

Number of seats

36 (directly elected)

Parties elected and seats per party

PLP (30); OBA (6)

Percentage of women in chamber

20%

Scope of elections

full renewal

Term in office

5 years

Chamber name

Senate

Expected date of next election

2027

Most recent election date

2022

Number of seats

11 (appointed)

Percentage of women in chamber

63.6%

Term in office

5 years

Bermuda's coat of arms was formally granted by Royal Warrant on 4 October 1910 but has been in use since at least 1624; the red lion is a symbol of Great Britain; the Latin motto under the coat of arms, <em>Quo Fata Ferunt</em>, means "Whither the Fates Carry [Us];" the ship is the <em>Sea Venture</em>, an English ship that was wrecked on then-uninhabited Bermuda in 1609

Selected World Heritage Site locales

Historic Town of St. George and Related Fortifications

Total World Heritage Sites

1 (cultural); note - excerpted from the UK entry

Bermuda Day, 24 May

note

<strong>note:</strong> formerly known as Victoria Day, Empire Day, and Commonwealth Day

red lion

Free Democratic Movement or FDM<br>One Bermuda Alliance or OBA<br>Progressive Labor Party or PLP

Monday

18 years of age; universal

No

bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products, honey

Expenditures

$1.176 billion (2017 est.)

Revenues

$999.2 million (2017 est.)

code

BMD

name

Bermudian dollar (BMD) [$]

$1.32 billion

Current account balance 2021

$962.258 million (2021 est.)

Current account balance 2022

$1.135 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

$1.32 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

small, tourism- and construction-based, territorial-island economy; American import and tourist destination; known offshore banking hub; increasing inflation; major re-exportation and re-importation area

Currency

Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

1 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

1 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

1 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

1 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

1 (2024 est.)

$4.81 billion

Exports 2021

$1.136 billion (2021 est.)

Exports 2022

$1.425 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$1.599 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

crude petroleum, ships, aircraft, liquor, railway cargo containers (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Germany 40%, South Africa 38%, Netherlands 15%, USA 2%, Angola 2% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

net inflows

$117.84 million

Exports of goods and services

56.3% (2024 est.)

Government consumption

11% (2024 est.)

Household consumption

45.6% (2024 est.)

Imports of goods and services

-24.2% (2024 est.)

Investment in fixed capital

11.3% (2024 est.)

Investment in inventories

0% (2024 est.)

Note

<strong>note:</strong> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agriculture

0.2% (2023 est.)

Industry

4.6% (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Services

91.5% (2023 est.)

$8.98 billion (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate

$142,855

$9.59 billion

$145,150

11 % of GDP

$2.14 billion

Imports 2021

$1.925 billion (2021 est.)

Imports 2022

$2.235 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$2.3 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

ships, refined petroleum, railway cargo containers, packaged medicine, cars (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars

USA 38%, Cyprus 31%, UK 6%, China 6%, Canada 4% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

-3.6% (2023 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

international business, tourism, light manufacturing

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020

0% (2020 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021

1.4% (2021 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

2.8% (2022 est.)

Note

<strong>note:</strong> annual % change based on consumer prices

$8.03 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$6.355 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$6.667 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$6.808 billion (2024 est.)

5.97%

Note

<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

6.5% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

4.9% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

2.1% (2024 est.)

$124,253

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$98,100 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$103,100 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$105,300 (2024 est.)

$2.35 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2021

22.7% of GDP (2021 est.)

Remittances 2022

22.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

23.7% of GDP (2023 est.)

Consumption

4 metric tons (2023 est.)

Imports

4 metric tons (2023 est.)

Consumption

590.38 million kWh (2023 est.)

Installed generating capacity

172,000 kW (2023 est.)

Transmission/distribution losses

43.172 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

Biomass and waste

1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Fossil fuels

99% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

122.737 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Refined petroleum consumption

4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

0.9%

per 100 inhabitants

36 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

36 (2022 est.)

Total

23,000 (2022 est.)

3 TV stations; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; roughly 13 radio stations operating

.bm

Percent of population

98% (2017 est.)

@@ ##

+1441

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

39 (2022 est.)

Total subscriptions

25,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100

105 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

97 (2024 est.)

Total subscriptions

68,164 (2022 est.)

1 (2025)

VP-B

Left

By type

container ship 15, oil tanker 8, other 99

Total

122 (2023)

Key ports

Freeport, Hamilton, Ireland Island, St. George

Large

0

Medium

1

Ports with oil terminals

3

Size unknown

1

Small

2

Total ports

4 (2024)

Very small

0

GB

defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal Bermuda Regiment&rsquo;s responsibilities include maritime security of Bermuda&rsquo;s inshore waters, search and rescue, ceremonial duties, humanitarian/disaster assistance, security of key installations, and assisting the Bermuda Police with maintaining public order; it includes explosive ordnance disposal, diver, maritime, security police, and support units (2025)

Royal Bermuda Regiment; Bermuda Police Service (2025)

note

<strong>note:</strong> the Royal Bermuda Regiment (aka "The Regiment") includes the Royal Bermuda Regiment Coast Guard

the Royal Bermuda Regiment has about 350 troops (2025)

the Regiment is equipped with small arms (2025)

men and women who are Commonwealth citizens and 18-45 years of age can volunteer for the Bermuda Regiment; service is for a minimum period of three years and two months from the date of enlistment; after completing their initial service, soldiers in the Regiment can choose to extend their service (2025)

From coal and metallurgical coke

9 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From petroleum and other liquids

577,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Total emissions

577,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

air pollution from vehicle emissions; scarce water resources; solid waste disposal; hazardous waste disposal; sewage disposal; overfishing; oil spills

0 % of total land area

Municipal solid waste generated annually

82,000 tons (2024 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled

2% (2012 est.)